from above, but slim in profile. The body is quite round, narrowing to a slender peduncle. The top of the head and lower jaw have rounded, bump-like knobs, each containing at least one stiff hair. The body is black on the dorsal side, and mottled black and white on the ventral side. About 2/3 of the way back on the body is an irregularly shaped dorsal fin. Its flippers are very long, between 1/4 and 1/3 the length of its body, and have large knobs on the leading edge. The flukes, which can be 5.5 m wide, is serrated and pointed at the tips. Adult males measure 12.2-14.6 m, adult females measure 13.7-15.2 m. They weigh 25 to 40 tons. Feeding Feed on krill, small shrimp-like crustaceans, and various kinds of small fish. Each whale eats up to 1 and 1/2 tons of food a day. Mating and breeding Humpback whales reach sexual maturity at 6- 10 years of age or when males reach the length of 11.6 m and females reach 12 m.
are scombroid fish (associated with high ers concerned about food safety. levels of histamine), cestodes (flatworms The book Food Microbiology: Fundaments such as Taenia saginata, T. solium, and and Frontiers by Doyle and Beuchet Diphyllobothrium latum), nematodes (hook- (2007) should be studied for an in-depth worms such as Trichinella spiralis), trema- understanding of the subject of food micro- todes (flukes such as Clonorchis sinensis), biology and safety. Updated information on shellfish (indirect toxin from the dinoflagel- rapid Methods and automation in microbiol- late Gonyaulax catenella), ciguatera (from ogy are also provided in a CD edited by Fung eating fish such as barracudas, groupers, and (2009a). sea basses that feed on toxic algae), and There is no doubt that microorganisms
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