American English Take-Home Exam
in 1580s and was probably derived from the Dutch vrijbuiter “freebooter”, which in turn was
used for the pirates in the West Indies in Spanish (filibuster) and French (flibustier) forms.
Americans had loaned the word from Dutch in 1560s and it became “freebooter” in American
English, meaning “plunderer, robber, pirate.” In its legislative sense, filibuster was first used by
Albert G. Brown in 1853, referring to Abraham Watkins Venable's speech against filibustering
(“pirating”) intervention in Cuba.
gerrymandering – In the modern sense of the word, gerrymandering refers to when politicians
change the size and borders of an area before an election, so that one person, group, or party has
an unfair advantage. The origin of the term, however, dates back to 1812, when it was first used
in the Boston newspaper Boston Gazette. Elbridge Gerry, governor of Massachussets, was
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