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lift their gaze to your empty spot (Milgram, Bickman, &. Berkowitz, 1969). I "fW Chapter 4 SOCIAL PROOF withdrawn preschool children. We have all seen children of this sort: terribly shy, standing alone at the fringes of the games and groupings of their peers. O'Connor worried that this early behavior was the beginning of what could be- come a long-term pattern of isolation, which in turn could create persistent dif- ficulties in social comfort and adjustment throughout adulthood. In an attempt to reverse the pattern, O'Connor made a film containing 11 different scenes in a nursery-school setting. Each scene began by showing a different solitary child watching some social activity and then actively participating, to everyone's en- joyment. O'Connor selected a group of the most severely withdrawn children from four preschools and showed them this film. The impact was impressive.