The general clinical impression is that temporal-lobe patients exhibit a clear personality change. For example, epilepsy patients and their friends were asked to complete rating scales of behaviors such as “anger,” “sadness,” or religiosity, and the patients were found to display a distinctive set of traits (Bear and Fedio, 1977), summarized in Table 20.3, sometimes referred to as temporal-lobe personality (see also Section 15.3). The epileptic patients self-reported a distinctive profile of humorless sobriety, dependence, and obsession. Raters differentiated the temporal-lobe patients on the basis of nearly every trait in Table 20.3 but rated them most strongly on the traits described as “viscosity,” “hypermoralism,” and “anger.” Millised defitsiidid võivad olla frontaalsagara kahjustusega patsientidel sotsiaalses - Puudub kahetsus ja ei õpita käitumist modifitseerima – hasartmängu katse
and they had now time to retrieve the information from any one line before it rapidly disappeared. If the tone was delayed, they did poorly again. This shows that it is difficult, perhaps impossible, to retain complete information in purely visual form for more than a fraction of a second. Case studies of amnesia victims suggest the STM and LTM are distinct. One of the most famous is the study of patient HM. Because of head injury HM suffered from epileptic seizures and the doctors tried to cure that by removing tissue from the temporal lobe, including his hippocampus. After the operation, the patient could not form any new memories. If you told HM your name, he could remember it briefly, but could not form a long-term memory of it. Experiments in which people with normal memory learn lists also support this distinction. Glanzer and Cunitz showed participants 15 words and asked to recall.
program of research that produced a clear set of findings (for a review, see Latane &. Nida, 1981). Their basic procedure was to stage emergency events that were ob- served by a single individual or by a group of people. They then recorded the num- ber of times the emergency victim received help under those circumstances. In their first experiment (Darley &. Latane, 1968), a New York college student who ap- peared to be having an epileptic seizure received help 85 percent of the time when there was a single bystander present but only 31 percent of time with five by- standers present. With almost all the Single bystanders helping, it becomes difficult to argue that ours is "The Cold Society" where no one cares for suffering others. Victim? At times like this one. when the need for emergency aid is un- clear. even genuine vic- tims are unlikely to be helped in a crowd. Think how. if you were a second passerby in this
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