portugallaste eest kaitsma. 1778 toimus Buenos Airese piirkonnas esimene rahvaloendus. 1801 hakkas Buenos Aireses ilmuma esimene ajaleht El Telégrafo Mercantil. Alates 17. sajandist sai juhtivaks majandusharuks karjakasvatus. Arenesid välja hiiglaslikud mõisad (estanciad). Tihedamalt asustatud, viinamarjakasvatuse, tekstiilitootmise ja muulakasvatusega tegelevates sisemaaprovintsides indiaanlased pärisorjastati (encomienda). Alates 18. sajandi algusest hakati sisse tooma suuremal hulgal neegerorje. 1778 kehtestati vabakaubandus Hispaaniaga. Vabadusvõitlus Majanduse pideva tõusuga (nahkade ja soolaliha ekspordi kasv) kasvas kreoolidest suurmaaomanike ja kaupmeeste vastupanu koloniaalreziimile. Suur Prantsuse revolutsioon ja Ameerika Ühendriikide Iseseisvussõda tõid liberaalsed ideed ka Ladina- Ameerikasse
valuable resources, primarily silver, from which the crown took its "royal fifth." The individual soldiers that conquered New Spain sought personal gain initially in the form of plunder and later in the form of encomiendas. An encomiendero was a person who was granted authority over a tract of land and all of the people living on it. The encomiendero was responsible for the welfare of the people under his charge and, in return, the people in the encomienda were required to provide him with tribute and free labor. The encomienderos, akin to feudal lords, quickly became an important element in the political life of New Spain. Spain's northwestern most colony was California, claimed first by Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo in 1542. Several early Spanish conquistadores looked seriously at California as a possible source of treasure, but none was found and Spain's attention quickly shifted elsewhere. In 1565 Miguel de Salcedo
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