vältimine, vaikimine, ruumiline distants jne Negatiivne viisakus kattub enam tavaarusaamaga viisakusest. Positiivset viisakust inimesed reeglina ei nimeta viisakuseks. Tehniline termin "viisakus" tähendab pigem asjakohast, sobivat käitumist. Rahvatermin katab midagi, mis on sobivast veidi viisakam. (Watts: "politic" ja "polite") Eelistatud (preferred) vastused reeglina: Kutse kutse vastuvõtmine Palve palve täitmisega nõustumine Väide väitega nõustumine Mitte-eelistatud (dispreferred) vastused: Kutsest keeldumine, palve tagasilükkamine, ` väitega mitte-nõustumine) kõik sellisel juhul, kui nad kuulaja "nägu" haavavad. Browni ja Levinsoni on kritiseeritud termini "strateegia" eest. Nad hoiatavad küll, et tegemist pole tingimata teadlike strateegiatega, kuid termin/metafoor on tõepoolest eksitav. Aasia kultuurides väga paljud "strateegiad" morfoloogilised (nn austusväljendid honorifics kuuluvad sõnade "külge").
Nowhere in Russell's analysis do we pick out an individual and say of that individual that he does not exist, so the Problem of Negative Existentials vanishes, at least for the case of definite descriptions. In this preferred understanding of (7), the description occurs in what Russell called "secondary" position; that is, we have construed its underlying quantifiers "at least," "at most," and "whoever" as falling inside the "not." The previous, dispreferred paraphrase gave the description "primary" posi- tion, placing it first in the logical order with the "not" inside and governed by it. A meaning distinction of this kind is called a scope distinction: in more contemporary terminology, the secondary reading is that on which the quan- tifiers take "narrow" scope, falling inside the scope of "not"; on the primary reading the quantifiers are outside the scope of "not," and "not" is in their scope.
annaabi.ee 
