rekombinatsioon; geen-, kromosoom- ja genoommutatsioonid; mutageenid. 19. Millised teadusteooriad on kujundanud rassismi/eugeenika Verepuhtuse printsiip; Evolutsiooniteooria; Olemise Suur Ahel. 20. Iseloomustage märksõnadega nõukogude nn agrobioloogiat Nõukogudeliku nn agrobioloogia sünd oli tingitud nälgiga. Bolsevisid tahtsid kiireid tulemusi, mida akadeemilised teadlased ei saanud anda, seepärast ilmus palju kõikvõimalike dilettante ja petjaid. Enam ei pidanud mitte eksperiment kinnitama teooria tõele vastavust, vaid teooria pidi seletama katsete tulemusi. Mitsurinlik bioloogia sai nõukogudeliku loodusteaduse sümboliks. Mitsurin ristas eri sorte ning liike omavahel. Ta kasutas viljastamisel õietolmu segusid, tehes tagantjärele võimatuks aru saada, millise sordi sperm ikkagi uue taime sünnitas. Ka mõtles Mitsurin
pain of existence. And the words in music have the first importance for me. Estonian folk music is not needed any more today. Estonian people do not feel any necessity to be an Estonian nation any longer; they want to be Europeans at present. 5 JAAN RÄÄTS Inspiration is a part of professionalism. It must appear when a work is needed. And if I am not to do that I am not a composer but a dilettante. All music composed in the world serves as a source for my inspiration and there is no shortage of it. Miscarried works are those that no one had wanted to perform for decades. There are many but I have also many compositions. 6 1 Theatre. Music. Cinema, 1990, No.6, pp.10, 11. E.Tamberg an interview with Helju Tauk. 2 Theatre. Music. Cinema, 2000, No.8/9, pp.66. An interview with Igor Garšnek. 3 ‘Folksong and us’, “Sirp ja Vasar” June 16th, 1972. 4
referent, even though the latter is one thing we philosophers know when we know that (2) is true. Frege's Puzzle (3) Mark Twain is Samuel Langhorne Clemens contains two proper names, both of which pick out or denote the same per- son or thing, and so--if the names are Millian--should be trivially true. Yet as before, (3) seems both informative and contingent. (A fictional example is "Superman is Clark Kent"; according to Mr. Jerry Siegel's comic-book saga, dilettante millionaires spent time and money trying to discover Superman's secret identity.) On Frege's view, although the two names in (3) pick out a common refer- ent, they "present" that individual in different ways; they have importantly different senses. And what he calls "cognitive significance" goes with sense, rather than with reference. This is what he writes: When we found `a = a' and `a = b' to have different cognitive values,
were not divided into words, it largely was. The military adopted it at once. Then, in 1863, a retired Prussian infantry major discovered the general solution for the periodic polyalpha-betic substitution. At one stroke he demolished the only impregnable structure in cryptography. Signal officers, compelled to provide secure communications, hunted frantically for new field ciphers. They found many good ideas in the writings of the dilettante cryptographers who had proposed ciphers for the protection of private messages. Soon some of these systems were serving in the various armies of Europe and the Americas. More ideas came from army officers who had studied cryptography in the courses in signal communication that the national military academies, such as St. Cyr, had added in the mid-1800s. Inevitably, cryptanalysts—who were either amateurs or soldiers with a professional interest, for full
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