Public International Law is a system of law
Sanctions can be imposed on a specific country. General definition, all forms of
responsibility all in a sense sanctions. E.g. prohibition to export certain weapons to stop
aggressive developments in a certain country; support the population with food but not the
aggressive people. If country violates anti-dumping regulations, certain trade-barriers
could be imposed to avoid that.
International crimses
In certain situations conflicts can be submitted to the ICJ if all members of the conflict agree to do
so. E.g. with the Antarctica treaty.
PIL can punish private persons for international crimes. Before there were ad hoc tribunals. Ad
hoc created for a specific purpose; e.g. Nürnberg tribunal, made specifically to punish major
Nazi-German criminals. Now there's an international court.
Law of international treaties