Liha töötlemine
cal energy. Mincers are dedicated to meat et al. 2007).
fragmentation. Mixers achieved protein solu- For comminuted meat products, high
bilization and ingredient mixing. Cutters are pressure can be used at several levels during
very polyvalent devices, as they can achieve manufacturing: (1) at low temperature (0–
fragmentation, protein solubilization, and 5°C) prior to chopping (MacFarlane et al.
structuration. Colloid mills are dedicated to 1986; Crehan et al. 2000), (2) on commi-
structuration; they are suitable for homo- nuted batter prior to heating (MacFarlane
Emulsification 159
et al. 1984; Fernández-Martín et al. 2002; through sensory, chemical, and physical
Hong 2008), (3) during heating (Fernandez- measurements. They can be performed on
Martin et al. 1997; Yuste et al. 1999a; batter or on the final product. Most of them