festivals. The non-existence of national independence, the limitations to civil liberties and political activity, the shortage of funds and capable intellectuals all provided obstacles for a general cultural evolution as well as the development in music. This was the era that witnessed the blossoming of an amateur in music. Johannes Kappel (1855-1902), composer and organist, graduated from the St. Petersburg Conservatoire with honours in 1881; he would become the first professional musician of Estonia. Miina Härma (1864-1941), the first female Estonian composer, and Konstantin Türnpu (1865-1927)1 also graduated from the Conservatoire; they graduated as organists having studied composition as a subsidiary subject. However, they would not become symphonists. Symphonic music was still waiting for its time. 1 Gifted as a choral conductor. I. MUSICAL LIFE IN TARTU AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY.
aastal Esinen publiku ees erinevate programmidega nii solistina kui ansamblistina igal kuul keskmiselt 3–5 korda. 204 CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Tiit Lauk Date and place of birth: 09.01.1948, Tartu Citizenship: Estonian Education 2003 Master’s studies in the Jazz Department of the Estonian Music Academy/ Sibelius Academy, Master of Music Pedagogy 1979 Tallinn State Conservatoire, piano 1974 G. Ots Tallinn Music College, piano Work Experience 2003– Tallinn University, extraordinary lecturer 2001– Tallinn Music School, extraordinary lecturer 1997–2001 Freelance musician 1993–1997 Managing director of the Estonian Jazz Foundation 1990–1995 Vice president of the Estonian Jazz Union, managing director; financial director of the Jazzkaar international jazz festival
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