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DNA fragment, and its principle is similar by-cycle. Another quantitative approach,
to the mechanism of DNA replication. The competitive PCR, can be used when the PCR
double-stranded DNA is first denatured, and product from the sample is compared with
the two strands of single-stranded DNA are internal standards of known concentrations.
duplicated using PCR primers that specifi- It coamplifies the target sequence and one
cally anneal to these strands and are elon- competitor sequence (so-called internal stan-
gated through the activity of DNA polymerase. dard) in a single reaction using conventional
This is repeated during generally 30 to 50 PCR. Several methods have been published
cycles along the reaction. Usually, the ana- using this approach for GMO quantification
lytical result obtained by PCR is the determi- (Studer et al. 1998; Hardegger et al
annaabi.ee 
