Russian philology
(zamók, meaning a lock) and (zámok, meaning a castle), or to indicate the
proper pronunciation of uncommon words or names.
The standard form of Russian is generally regarded as the modern Russian literary language
( ). It arose in the beginning of the 18th century
with the modernization reforms of the Russian state under the rule of Peter the Great, and
developed from the Moscow (Middle or Central Russian) dialect substratum under the
influence of some of the previous century's Russian chancellery language.
Mikhail Lomonosov first compiled a normalizing grammar book in 1755; in 1783 the Russian
Academy's first explanatory Russian dictionary appeared. During the end of the 18th and 19th
centuries, a period known as the "Golden Age", the grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation
of the Russian language was stabilized and standardized, and it became the nationwide
literary language; meanwhile, Russia's world-famous literature flourished.
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