Raamatu ajalugu - kokkuvõte
The first books used parchment or vellum (calf skin) for the pages. The book covers were made of
wood and covered with leather. Because dried parchment tends to assume the form it had before
processing, the books were fitted with clasps or straps. During the later Middle Ages, when public
libraries appeared, up to 18th century, books were often chained to a bookshelf or a desk to prevent
theft. These chained books are called libri catenati.
At first, books were copied mostly in bars, one at a time. With the rise of universities in the 13th
century, the Manuscript culture of the time led to an increase in the demand for books, and a new
system for copying books appeared. The books were divided into unbound leaves (pecia), which
were lent out to different copyists, so the speed of book production was considerably increased. The
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