David Ricardo Ricardo, David (19. IV 1772- 11.IX 1823), inglise majandusteadlane, klassikalise poliitika ökonoomia rajajaid. Arendas A. Smithi tööväärtusteooriat: pidas palga, kasumi ja rendi allikaks tööga loodud väärtusi. Lõi renditeooria ja võrdleva kulu teooria, uuris maksude mõju hindadele ja tõestas, et protektsionistlik majanduspoliitika kahjustab riiki. Propageeris vabakaubandust. Tema teosteks on ,,The high price of bullion, a proof of the depreciation of bank notes"(1810), ,,Principles of political economy and taxation" (1817). Ricardo pakkus Inglismaale välja kaks erinevat arenguteed: 1)Protektsionistide saar, mis on kindlustatud välismaa kaupade vastu. 2) Ekstrovertne kaupleja, mis on kogu maailma kaubandus- keskus. Kui Adam Smithi absoluutse eelise seadus, andis hea ettekujutuse spetsialiseerumise eelistest, siis
had allied herself with France against England in the Seven Years' War. It was read at the British cabinet meeting of October 2, 1761. The Great Commoner, William Pitt the Elder, cited it as support for his proposal that England take the initiative, declare war before Spain did, and capture the fleet of treasure ships then transporting gold to Spain from her American possessions. His counsel was rejected, and he resigned. The war came anyway—after the immense cargo of bullion had been unloaded at Cadiz. In the 1840's, political gales blew down a great deal of the remaining absolutism and the totalitarian agencies that propped it up. Europe's new birth of freedom tolerated no government opening of mail. In England, a tremendous public and parliamentary outcry over the surreptitious opening of letters forced the government to discontinue the interception of diplomatic correspondence in June of 1844. That October
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