ja see identifitseerib kodeeritud kujul toodet, isikut, tootjat, aadressi jne. Peale vöötide sisaldab kaubakood ka numbreid, mis sisaldavad kindlates gruppides konkreetset infot. Maailmas on kasutusel erinevaid vöötkoodistandardeid, näiteks: EAN European Article Numbering kasutusel enam kui 80 riigis; UPC Unified Product Code- kasutusel Ameerika jaemüügikauplustes; ISSN International Standard Serial Number - kasutatakse trükiste märgistamiseks; BOOKLAND trükiste kood Ameerikas; JAN Jaapanis kasutatav vöötkood; Ribakoodi põhiline ülesanne on ühelt poolt identifitseerida toode, teiselt poolt võimaldada seda toodet kassas tuvastada koodilugejate e. skannerite abil. Kord kaubale omistatud ribakoodi kasutavad kõik kauba liikumise ahel lülid tootjast müüjani. Seda on vaja nii kaupade liikumise paremaks jälgimiseks kui ka kaubanomenklatuuri korrastamiseks.
Each book is specified by an International Standard Book Number (ISBN), which is unique to every edition of every book produced by participating publishers, world wide. It is managed by the ISBN Society. An ISBN has four parts: the first part is the country code, the second the publisher code, and the third the title code. The last part is a check digit, and can take values from 09 and X (10). The EAN Barcodes numbers for books are derived from the ISBN by prefixing 978, for Bookland, and calculating a new check digit. Commercial publishers in industrialized countries generally assign ISBNs to their books, so buyers may presume that the ISBN is part of a total international system, with no exceptions. However many government publishers, in industrial as well as developing countries, do not participate fully in the ISBN system, and publish books which do not have ISBNs. A large or public collection requires a catalogue. Codes called "call numbers" relate the books to the
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