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thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use.
Biotechnology is often used to refer to genetic engineering technology of the 21st century,
however the term encompasses a wider range and history of procedures for modifying biological
organisms according to the needs of humanity, going back to the initial modifications of native
plants into improved food crops through artificial selection and hybridization. Bioengineering is
the science upon which all biotechnological applications are based. With the development of new
approaches and modern techniques, traditional biotechnology industries are also acquiring new
horizons enabling them to improve the quality of their products and increase the productivity of
their systems.
Before 1971, the term, biotechnology, was primarily used in the food processing and agriculture
industries. Since the 1970s, it began to be used by the Western scientific establishment to refer to