In addition, transport sector is one of the largest primary energy consumers, and as the travel and car ownership is predicted to increase, more fuel needs to be dedicated to transport (Karp, 2011. There are many reasons why biofuels are necessary, but at the same time, they are controversial for a number of reasons. 2.2. Biofuels' feedstock and future projections There are mainly two types of liquid biofuels, which have significantly grown in the last decade: that is bioethanol and biodiesel. Bioethanol is based on sugar, extracted from sugarcane and beet, or starch, which mainly comes from maize, wheat or cassava. Starch- based crops must be first converted into sugars in the saccarification process, which requires substantial volumes of enzymes to turn starch into sugars (Soetaert, W. 2008). The starchy products represent only a small percentage of the total plant mass. Other plants' building
• WHICH CONTAINS ENERGY – ~ 13500 MWh • WHICH IN CHP GIVES OUT: – ~4600 MWh electricity – ~7300 MWh heat • Fixed in tariff for renewable energy in Estonia is currently 1,15 kr kWh (7,35 €cents) – Selling electricity to grid gives income ~5,3 miljonit EEK/y – Selling heat (500 EEK/MWh) generates income 3,6 million EEK/y – TOTAL INCOME 8,8 mEEK/Y (550 000 €) WHO NEEDS THE HEAT? • Ääsmäe INDUSTRIES (CHIPS FACTORY, BIOETHANOL PLANT), • Ääsmäe SCHOOL – CURRENT HEATING COSTS PER YEAR ~60 000 l, ~527 000 EEK • Ääsmäe KINDERGARTEN – HEATING COSTS PER YEAR ~32 500 l, ~290 000 EEK • NEW REGIONAL SCHOOL AND CARE CENTER FOR DISABLED SCHOOL WITH SWIMMING POOL • NEW SHOPPING CENTER AND CULTURE HOUSE, • RESTORE DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM INVESTMENT COST • ACCORING TO THE LITERATURE THE INVESTMENT COST PER DM TON OF SLURRY IS 1150 euro • 18 000 t Slurry and biomass (3500 t + 1750
a household. Rarbach cited oil major Shell's tie up with Cosan as being one of the most notable strategic partnerships that has taken place last year. The $12bn joint venture will see the pair produce and sell sugar, energy and ethanol from sugarcane, and distribute fuels for transportation and industry from the companies' integrated distribution and retail networks in Brazil. Through the deal, Shell strengthened its whole business in biofuel and bioethanol. Sterecycle was debating whether to list in Canada or in its domestic market on the AIM exchange in London. French chemical company Rhodia's subsidiary Rhodia Energy Services has launched two biogas projects in China and Vietnam, it said on Thursday. Rhodia Energy Services will manage the design and construction of the two facilities, as well as the operations and sales of the biogas produced, it said in a statement.
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