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Some handbooks on survey methodology immediately describe the major components of surveys
and of survey error instead of giving a definition (e.g., Fowler, Gallagher, Stringfellow, Zalavsky
Thompson & Cleary, 2002, p. 4; Groves, 1989, p. 1), others provide definitions, ranging from
concise definitions (e.g., Czaja & Blair, 2005, p. 3; Groves, Fowler, Couper, Lepkowski, Singer &
Tourangeau, 2004, p. 2; Statistics Canada, 2003, p. 1) to elaborate descriptions of criteria (Biemer
& Lyberg, 2003, Table 1.1). What have these definitions in common? The survey research methods
section of the American Statistical Association provides on its website an introduction (Scheuren,
2004) that explains survey methodology for survey users, covering the major steps in the survey
process and explaining the methodological issues. According to Scheuren (2004, p. 9) the word
survey is used most often to describe a method of gathering information from a sample of
individuals
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