Vormistamine ülesanne 3
the user. For example, quality can be focusing on construction, on making sturdy and safe furniture,
and on testing it. Like Ikea, the Swedish furniture chain, that advertised in its catalogs with
production quality and gave examples on how a couch was tested on sturdiness. In survey statistics
the main focus has been on accuracy, on reducing the mean squared error or MSE. This is based on
the Hansen and Hurwitz model (Hansen, Hurwitz, & Madow, 1953; Hansen, Hurwitz, & Bershad,
1961) that differentiates between random error and systematic bias, and offers a concept of total
error (see also Kish, 1965), which is still the basis of current survey error models. The statistical
quality indicator is thus the MSE: the sum of all squared variable errors and all squared systematic
errors. A more modern approach is total quality, which combines both ideas as Biemer and Lyberg
(2003) do in their handbook on survey quality. They apply the concept of fitness for use to the
annaabi.ee 
