reduced presence of Salmonella and Cam- acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) and 100 mM pylobacter on chicken carcasses by 56% and sodium chlorate, have been shown to reduce 12%, respectively (Kelly et al. 1981; Tsai bacterial pathogens, APC, and TCC in chilled et al. 1995; Sofos and Smith 1998; Whyte meat or poultry carcasses and meat cuts et al. 2001; Park et al. 2002; Fabrizio et al. (Kemp et al. 2000; Anderson et al. 2001; Gill 2002; Stopforth et al. 2007; Bauermeister and Badoni 2004; Lim and Mustapha 2004; et al. 2008). On beef, the bacterial reductions Stopforth et al. 2007). Preliminary in vitro achieved by 50–900 ppm chlorine (pure or studies showed that 20 mM of a commercial electrolytically generated), or 200–500 ppm sodium chlorite-based oxyhalogen disinfec- of acidified chlorine are of similar magnitude tant (Salmide®) caused 3–5 log10 CFU/cm2 to those caused by water-washing (Emswiler reductions of E
the Konigsberg fortress, began his radio-intelligence work by translating the cleartext intercepts that the fortress radio station picked up. As words in cipher began to appear, he undertook to solve them. Gradually he mastered the Russian system so that he could read messages entirely in cipher. At the end of September, he was called to headquarters and given charge of a group of interpreters who were to learn cryptanalysis. Soon he and Lieutenant Alexander Bauermeister—Hoffmann called them "quite geniuses in deciphering"—were, with their neophyte code- breakers, sending a stream of solutions to Ludendorff each night about 11. The chief of staff waited for them impatiently, barking, "Any radiograms?" at his subordinates. He based his orders for the next day in large measure on the intelligence the intercepts gave. When they were late, he would stalk into the cryptanalytic section to find out what the delay was. And if for a time nothing of im-
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