Netherlands
In 1747 his son became stadtholder in all seven provinces
as William IV. (3)
In the late 18th century a struggle broke out between the party of the house of Orange, which
had become conservative, and the Patriot Party, which desired democratic reforms. The Orange
Party enjoyed a brief triumph with the help of an invading Prussian army in 1787, but in 1795
French troops and a force consisting of self-exiled Dutch citizens replaced the republic of the
seven United Provinces with the Batavian Republic, which was modeled on the revolutionary
French Republic. (2)
2.10 The Napoleonic Era and the Union with Belgium
The Batavian Republic survived only until 1806, when Napoleon transformed the country into
the kingdom of Holland. In 1810 he incorporated it into the French Empire. While the Dutch
were under French rule, the British seized Dutch colonial possessions. After the fall of
Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna restored the independence of the Netherlands in 1815. In
annaabi.ee 
