Netherlands
wealthiest province, Holland. The stadtholder's power varied, depending on his personal
qualities of leadership, and the office eventually became hereditary in the house of Orange. (3)
Under Maurice, the republic was divided by a religion-political conflict between two factions
within the Reformed (Calvinist) church, over predestination. The Arminian or Remonstrant,
cause was championed by Holland under its leader, Jan van Olden Barneveldt. The other
provinces and Maurice sided with the Gomarists or High Calvinists, who prevailed. The dispute
ended with Barneveldt's execution for treason in 1619. (2)
10
Frederick Henry's son, William II of Orange, became involved in a bitter quarrel with the
province of Holland, and after his death no stadtholder was appointed in Holland and four other
provinces for more than 20 years. William III of Orange, who was stadtholder from 1672 until
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