"instrument of torture". Medieval gallows consisted of two uprights with a lintel joining them, resembling Stonehenge's trilithons, rather than looking like the inverted L-shape more familiar today. The "henge" portion has given its name to a class of monuments known as henges. Archaeologists define henges as earthworks consisting of a circular banked enclosure with an internal ditch. As often happens in archaeological terminology, this is a holdover from antiquarian usage, and Stonehenge is not truly a henge site as its bank is inside its ditch. Despite being contemporary with true Neolithic henges and stone circles, Stonehenge is in many ways atypical. For example, its extant trilithons make it unique. Stonehenge is only distantly related to the other stone circles in the British Isles, such as the Ring of Brodgar.[citation needed] History Stonehenge itself evolved in several construction phases spanning at least some 1500 years
The Temple of British Worthies: Shakespeare, Milton, Pope, Chaucer, Spenser. Abandoning long held classical criteria of judgement, replaced with criteria judging the works of their own merits. This movement summed up in the magisterial editions of Samuel Johnson, Prefaces Biographical and Critical to the Works of the English Poets – milestone of literary history, poets placed into political and social context of their age, attempting to relate their private lives to work. Had begun as antiquarian quest into early literature, had major implications to contemporary writing, in effect loosening and finally demolishing the Augustan canon. 29. The English landscape garden and the Augustan reappraisal of Nature Leitmotif of Britishness – landscape; link between national identity and British landscape garden brought about in 18thC, in literature move away from looking towards classical antiquity, turning instead towards an appreciation of native beauties
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