Back-formation new words are formed by taking away affixes. (nt, connection, to connect). This process is based on analogy. Back-form is word building and it means coining verbs. (nt, butcher, to butch; sculptor, to sculpt, television, to televise). Rarely some other parts of speech are found (nt, nasty, to nast) Alphabetisms, initialisms, acronyms words made up of the initial letters (nt, USA, WC) Clippings, fore clippings, back clippings, ambiclippings Clipping is the word formation process which consists of the reduction of a word to one of its parts- shortening. Three types of clipping: Fore clipping- retain the final part of the word- racoon - coon, telephone- phone Back clipping- retains the beginning crocodile- croc, doctor- doc, gasoline-gas Ambiclipping- middle part is retained- influenza- flu Clipping means beginning plus beginning, situation comedy- sitcom
Unlike acronyms, initialisms are not spoken as words; they are spoken letter by letter. Examples: Acronyms: typically the initial letters of several words, pronounced according to normal orthoepical principles: • aids ‘acquired immune deficiency syndrome’. Some forms mix the two kinds of pronunciation: Beeb from BBC, with clipping of the final C. 25. Clippings, fore clippings, back clippings, ambiclippings Clipping refers to the shortening of some word while the original meaning is retained. Clipping does not create lexemes with new meanings, but lexemes with a new stylistic value.”In morphology, a word formed by dropping one or more syllables from a polysyllabic word, such as cell from cellular phone. A clipped form generally has the same denotative meaning as the word it comes from, but it's regarded as more colloquial and informal. Examples: exam, fax,
Acronyms are pronounced according to grapheme-phoneme conversion rules. They function as regular words and can take plurals. o AWOL – absent without official leave, TWOC – taken without owners consent, AIDS, NATO, Scuba – self-contained underwater breathing apparatus,, SIM – subscriber identification module 24. Clippings, fore clippings, back clippings, ambiclippings Clipping is a word-formation process during which a word is reduced to a certain part of it while retaining the original meaning. Also known as shortening or truncation. Clipping creates lexemes with the same meaning, but different stylistic value. Clippings are usually monosyllabic and might have homonyms. Clipped forms are usually informal. Back-clippings – the most common type of clipping, where the first part of the word remains, and
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