dZ/dX within a sampling length. values Z(x) and cube Pq, Rq, Wq respectively, within a sampling length. 1 m Rq 1 1 Rr 3 RSm, PSm, WSm = Xsi 1 L d 2 Rsk = Z (x) dx m i=1 Pq = Z (x) dx Rq3 Rr 0 Wq L 0 dx Xs1 Xs2 Xs3 Xsi Xsm