Keelefilosoofia raamat
The DR theorists must try to explain
the fact away as a particularly dramatic illusion. That is, they must hold that,
in fact, sentences like (1)(4) cannot literally mean what we can and usually
would take them to mean; there is some extraneous reason why we are seduced
into hearing such sentences opaquely. A few such putative explanations have
52 Reference and referring
been sketched, using materials we shall encounter in chapter 13 (Salmon
1986; Soames 1987, 2002; Wettstein 1991; and see Marcus 1981). But here,
in my opinion, the DR theorists have come up short; at least, none of the
sketches produced to date has struck me as very plausible, though perhaps
Soames (2002) is the most promising.
As is implied by example (4), Frege's Puzzle is even worse for the Millian.
According to DR, a sentence like "Samuel Langhorne Clemens is Mark
Twain" can mean only that the common referent, however designated, is
himself
annaabi.ee 
