The Rise and Demise of the New Public Management, 28 10
certain effect with a minimum of resources. But this effect, in the case of the state, is
denoted by several auxiliary but necessary conditions such as the ones mentioned
above; it is never profit maximization. (It could be argued that most activities carried
out by the public sector are there precisely because no direct profit or gain can be
made.) If you go for savings and neglect context and even the actual goals, you will
not be efficient but rather the ultimate wastrel. (Not for nothing are wastrels and
misers considered to be the same type of sinner in Dante's Hell.) This
misunderstanding of the concept of efficiency and the depolitization that comes with it
are typical symptoms of technocracy and bureaucracy, which NPM professes to
oppose but which, as Eugenie Samier has demonstrated, it rather fosters. (2001) As
a result of this insight, we are currently witnessing a fundamental shift of emphasis in