story to hear. "Oh! my dear Mr. Bennet," as she entered the room, "we have had a most delightful evening, a most excellent ball. I wish you had been there. Jane was so admired, nothing could be like it. Everybody said how well she looked; and Mr. Bingley thought her quite beautiful, and danced with her twice! Only think of that, my dear; he actually danced with her twice! and she was the only creature in the room that he asked a second time. First of all, he asked Miss Lucas. I was so vexed to see him stand up with her! But, however, he did not admire her at all; indeed, nobody can, you know; and he seemed quite struck with Jane as she was going down the dance. So he inquired who she was, and got introduced, and asked her for the two next. Then the two third he danced with Miss King, and the two fourth with Maria Lucas, and the two fifth with Jane again, and the two sixth with Lizzy, and the Boulanger--"
Verificationism 105 observation language to statements about people's private, subjective sense impressions. But that did not serve for purposes of intersubjectively check- able science, so most positivists joined Hempel (1950) in appealing to the "directly observable characteristics" of ordinary objects. There are two prob- lems here. First, the notion of "direct observation" is a vexed one, and seems totally technology-relative and interest- or project-relative as well. Is a visual observation "direct" when you are wearing eyeglasses? How about if you are using a magnifying glass? How about through a microscope, at this or that degree of magnification? How about through an electron microscope? Second, "observations," and statements couched in "observation language," are theory-laden at least to a degree; what counts as an observation and what
and company commander, a post he held for nine years. He retired in 1852 with the rank of major, and though he served from 1860 to 1868 as the commander of a National Guard-like battalion, he found sufficient leisure to devote some to cryptology, for in 1863 his short but epochal book was published in Berlin by the respected house of Mittler & Sohn. Three quarters of Die Geheimschriften und die Dechif-frir-kunst concentrates on answering the problem that had vexed cryptanalysts for more than 300 years: how to achieve a general solution for polyalphabetic ciphers with repeating keywords. (One chapter zeroes in on "The Decipherment of French Writing"—a rather ominous portent in a book dedicated to the Count Albrecht von Roon, the Prussian minister of war who molded the army that humbled France only seven years later.) The polyalphabetic solution opened the doors to the cryptology of today.
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