· What were the four controversies that concerned the Victorian novelists? Describe them briefly. Name some representatives and their works of each of the controversies. Religion and evolution Charles Darwin(religious doubt) Industrialism (the changes in the making of goods that resulted from substituing machines for hand labor) new kind of working class, wages extremely low, hours very long(14 a day) sufferers were women and children, families horribly crowded(unsanitary housing) severe economic depression in the early 1840s. Writers who speak about industrialism and its effects: Elizabet Barrett Browning(The Cry of the Chuldren), Friendrich Engels(The Condition of the Working Class), Karl Marx(The Communist Manifesto 1848), Elizabeth Gaskell(Mary Barton), Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, William Makepeace Thackeray. ``The Woman Question" women wanted more rights, the role of women changed, women did efforts to
Paul notices a recruit lying on the ground with his hip a mess of flesh and bone splinters at the joint. It is the recruit who defecated in his pants earlier. Kat and Paul know that he will not survive his wounds. Kat whispers that it would be merciful of them to end his life with a gunshot before the agony of his wound begins to torment him. Before they can end the recruit's life, however, other soldiers begin to emerge from their holes. Summary Paul describes the unsanitary conditions of life at the front. Tjaden, tired of killing lice one by one, scrapes them off his skin into a boot-polish tin. He kills them by heating the tin with a flame. Haie's lice have red crosses on their heads, and he jokes that he got them at a hospital where they attended the surgeon general. Himmelstoss has arrived in the camp, proving the rumor true. He was caught tormenting his recruits excessively and has been sent to the front as punishment. Müller begins asking
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