Islam
and the Indian subcontinent.
Ottomans and Islamic empires in India (12581918)
The Seljuk Turks conquered Abbassid lands and adopted Islam and become the de facto
rulers of the caliphate. They captured Anatolia by defeating the Byzantines at the Battle of
Manzikert, thereby precipitating the call for Crusades. They however fell apart rapidly in the
second half of the 12th century giving rise to various semiautonomous Turkic dynasties. In
the 13th and 14th centuries the Ottoman empire (named after Osman I) emerged from
among these "Ghazi emirates" and established itself after a string of conquests that included
the Balkans, parts of Greece, and western Anatolia. In 1453 under Mehmed II the Ottomans
laid siege to Constantinople, the capital of Byzantium. The Byzantine fortress succumbed
shortly thereafter, having been battered by superior Ottoman cannonry.
annaabi.ee 
