TheCodeBreakers
420 at the end. They relayed operational orders with a secrecy that
helped the United States advance from the Solomons to Okinawa.
Linguistic codetalking, jargon codes, or double meanings all use the
human speaker as the coding machine. But this job may be delegated to
a real machine—the scrambler. These two modes of oral secrecy, the
human and the mechanical, correspond to the two basic forms of crypto-
systems. Human coding transmutes words, syllables, and
sounds (as in Pig Latin)—the linguistic elements of speech —into
secret forms and so parallels code. Both ciphers and scramblers, on the
other hand, work upon particles of a text cut up without regard to
linguistic functions. From this analogy, scrambler methods of modifying
speech are called "ciphony" (from "cipher" plus "telephony"). The field of
secret voice communication as a whole may be termed "cryptophony."
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