The vikings Ursula 11. kl Who were the vikings? The Vikings were the Norse explorers, warriors, merchants, and pirates who raided, traded, explored and settled in wide areas of Europe, Asia and the North Atlantic islands from the late 8th to the mid11th century. The Vikings came from three countries of Scandinavia: Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The Viking age in European history was about AD 700 to 1100. During this period many Vikings left Scandinavia and travelled to other countries, such as Britain and Ireland. Some went to fight and steal treasure. Others settled in new lands as farmers, craftsmen or traders. ships There were two distinct classes of Viking ships: the longship and the knarr. The longship is characterized as a graceful, long, narrow,...
The Saxons & Vikings Fragmentary knowledge of England in the 5th & 6th centuries comes from the British writer Gildas, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, saints' lives, poetry, archaelogical findings and place- name studies. British landlords ruled small, unstable kingdoms and continued some Roman traditions of governance. In the mid-5th cent, Vertigern, a British leader, hired Germanic mercenaries to help defend against peoples of the north (Picts & Scots). In the end they revolted & the process of invasion and settlement began. The first Saxon ,,kings" were Hengist & Horsa in Kent, Aelle in Sussex, Cerdic / Cynric in Wessex. So the first ,,English" became mainly from Northern Germany & Denmark. The resistance of the Celts was long. They were free at the time, not like other Roman provinces on the Continent. Around 500, the Britons seem to have won several victories. One of their leaders was Ambrosius Aurelianus and one of...
The foundation stones The Island Britain has a mild climate due to the Gulf Stream which brings warm waters from the Gulf of Mexico. The northern part of the island in average 5'C cooler and it's mountainous or hilly and that's why the south has been more populated.. Britain became an island only 5000 years BC after the Ice Age ended. Britain's prehistory The first evidence of human life on the island are dated back to 250 000 BC. 50 000 BC in a milder Ice Age period Britain became habitable again. People from that time were the ancestors of the modern British. 10 000 BC ige age ended and Britain became inhabited by small groups of hunters who probably followed herds of deer. 5000BC Britain became an island and deer died out. 3000BC the Neolithic people came (probably from Spanish peninsula or even North African ...
For over three centuries Western Europe was raided by the Vikings. The Vikings who had settled down in England had mixed with the Anglo-Saxons. They lived under the rule of the English kings. In the 9th century a territory in northern France was conquered by another branch of the Vikings. That territory was called Normandy. They took over the French coustoms,traditions and language. The Normans lived under the rule of their own duke. By the 11th century the dukes of Normandy had become very powerful. Altought the kinf of France was their lord, they were very independent. William was the Duke of Normandy when the English king Edwar died. William had promised him that he'll be the next king. But there was another relative , Harold, who wanted to be king too. William wanted to start a war. Knights from all over the France were invited to his army.Harold was killed in the battle and the English were defeated. The Battle of Hastings was the ...
English studies British history Eleri Pärna Form 9 2010 About 1.What is Stonehenge? 2. Who were the Celts and the Druids? 3. When did the Romans invade Britain? 4. Why did Julius Ceasar call the land Albion ? 5.Why and who built the Hadrian Wall? 6. When did the Saxons settle in Britain? 7. When did the Vikings first raid Britain? 8. Who were the Normans? 9. When was the Battle of Hastings? 10. Who was William The Conquerer? What is Stonehenge? a prehistoric monument located in the English county of Wiltshire built in several stages from 2800 - 1800 BC. Druids built Stonehenge. Who were the Celts and the Druids? The Celts were a group of peoples that occupied lands stretching from the British Isles to Gallatia. The Druids were the wise ones, the educated class of the Celts. ( lawyers, doctors, teachers, storytellers, ...
Early History The first inhabitants of Canada were native Indian people who were called as Inuits. They are believed to be in Canada since about 10000 BC. The Inuits came to Canada from Asia crossing the Bering land bridge. The earliest discoveries in Canada were made by the Vikings. In AD 985 Vikings sailing from Iceland to Greenland were blown westward off their course and the Vikings sighted the coast of Labrador peninsula. The report of forested areas encouraged further exploration because the colonies in Greenland which belonged to the Vikings lacked lumber. In AD 1000 Leif Ericson became the first European to land in North America. The first colony was established what was described as Vinland by the Vikings. It was located on the northernmost tip of todays Newfoundland. There has also been a theory that the Vikings penetrated Hudson Bay and reached the Great Lakes region but recent investigations have...
Vikings and Norman invasion, Jorvik Centre in York Who were normans? · They were descended from norse vikings. · Norman means norseman or viking. · They played a major political, military, and cultural role in medieval Europe. Invasion to England · The Norman conquest of England began on 28 September 1066 with the invasion of England by William, Duke of Normandy. · The Norman conquest largely removed the native ruling class, replacing it with a foreign, French-speaking monarchy. Battle of Hastings · The Battle of Hastings occurred on 14 October 1066. · Norman-French army was lead by Duke William II and the English army was lead by King Harold II. · The famous Bayeux Tapestry depicts the events before and during the battle. Bayeux Tapestry Jorvik Centre in York · Jorvik Centre in York is a museum and visitor attraction. · Well-preserved remains of some of...
Contents Introduction...................................................3 London's early history.....................................45 The people of London......................................6 Buildings and bridges......................................7 Intruduction London is the capital of the united kingdom (UK), which is made up of Great Britain(England, Scotland, Wales) and Northern Ireland. The city lies in the southeast of England and covers an area of about 1,578 square kilometres on either side of the River Thames. With population of seven million, London is by far the largest city in the UK. Birmingham, the second largest, has just over one million inhabitants. Cultural life London is the worldclass centre. It has more than40 theatres, where audiences enjoy everything from musicals to William Shakespeare's plays. The city also ...
What is London? London is one of the largest cities in the world, with an area of 1706,8 km2. It is the capital of England and The United Kingdom. It is in Central Europe. The city lies on the river Thames. London has 7,556,900 inhabitants, which is more than a quarter of the countries in Europe! For one city, London is very special. The beginning of London Before the founding of London, there had already been smaller groups of people in the area. There aren't any records on who they were. The first mayor settlement of London was in 43 AD. Romans came to the banks of the river Thames. They built houses, a port and a bridge over the river (later known as London Bridge). They named the place Londinium. In the year 200 they built a wall around their city. The wall doesn't exist today, but a part of it can be seen near the Museum of London. In the year 61 Londinium was burned down. The houses were made out of wood back then, so this was ...
Country Studies The United Kingdom Test revision questions Form 11 1. What are the capitals of the 4 constituent countries? England London; Wales Cardiff; N-Ireland Belfast; Scotland - Edinburgh 2. Order the invaders in correct chronological order: Anglo-Saxons, Normans, Romans, Celts, Vikings. Celts > Romans > Anglo-Saxons > Vikings > Normans 3. How did the Celts influence Britain? The Celts were in Britain long before the English language existed. Celtic influence on English is minimal. There are more Amerindian words in English than Celtic ones. 4. How many people approximately speak English? 300million as mother tongue, 470million as 2nd language. 5. Who (which tribes) gave the base of the English language? Anglo-Saxons 6. Describe Wales. Part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, population: 3,064,000, Wales has a distinctive culture including its...
Dublin Dublin is the capital of Ireland, it is also the largest city. Nearly one third of the country's population live there. Dublin was founded by vikings in 841. The area of Dublin is 115 km² and the population is 527 000. 48% of Dublin 's population is under thirty five years old.The climate in dublin is mild and changeable, like everywhere in Ireland. The language spoken in Dublin is English and it's highly unlikely to hear any Irish, spoken. The currency in Dublin and Ireland is euro. The tourists mostly go to Dublin to see the St. Patrick's day, the Dublin castle, Irish pubs, the Trinity college, the O'Connell Bridge. The O'Connel bridge is the only bridge in Europe that has the same width as it's lenght. The oldest Irish pub is located in Dublin and the pub is called Brazen Head. Other big cities in Ireland are Cork, Limerick, Galway. Cork is the second biggest and the third most pop...
EESTI ETTEVÕTLUSKÕRGKOOL MAINOR Ärijuhtimise õppekava Mari-Liis Jänes VIIKINGID JA NENDE PEAKATTED MÜÜT VÕI TEGELIKKUS Essee Juhendaja: Anneli Rumm, MA Tallinn 2018 Essees annab töö autor ülevaate, kas piltidel kujutatud viikingite peakatted- kiivrid on müüt või tegelikkus tänapäevase popkultuuri tingimustes. Tänapäeva popkultuuris on viikingitest kujunenud inimeste teadvusesse valeinformatsioon seoses nende peakatetega. Allpool annab töö autor ülevaate mõnedest valearusaamistest ning tõendite olemasolust või mitte. Inimeste teadvuses on pildid pikkadest ja tugevatest meestest, sarved turritamas uhkelt nende kiivritelt kui kiirustati lahingusse ning hävingut külvama viikingid. (Trafford, Pluskowski, 2007, 58). Viikingitest sõjamehed, kes muistsetel aegadel võtsid ette pikki merereise rü...
Nordic countries The Nordic countries are Sweden, Norway, Iceland and Denmark. Kingdom of Sweden Capital Stockholm Language Sweden Size 449,964 square kilometers Population 9 million National emblem three corwns Flag blue, yellow Scandinavian cross Symbols blackbird, male European elk Famous for Pippi Longstocking by Astrid Lindgren Traveling red wooden farm houses World leader in number of fields Kingdom of Norway Capital Oslo Language Norwegian Size 323,802 square kilometers Population 4.9 million Flag red, indigo blue Scandinavian cross outlined in white Symbols elk, purple heather flower, dipper Biggest rivers Glomma, Otra Famous for - 19th century, Hendrik Ibsen made Norway famous for plays Landscape rugged coastline, mountains, fjords Republic of Iceland Capital - R...
Class 10 2008 Few facts about cities Muckanaghederdauhaulia Inch village Inch village The Vikings founded sign Dublin in 841 Worth to mention The Titanic Guiness beer Traditional field sports Gaelic football- The game Hurling Similiar to hockey is like a mix of a soccer and but played on a field. rugby. Flag and religion o Irish flag is a vertical tricolour of green, white, and orange. o About 90 % of the people are Roman Catholics St. Patrick's Cathedral The Irish flag Natural resources The primary natural resources of Ireland, include natural gas, petroleum, peat, copper, lead, dolomite, barite, limestone, gypsum, silver and some zinc Ireland has no coal. Gypsum mine Limestone pavem...
FROM YouTube: A History Of Scotland - Episode 1 - The Last Of The Free (1/6) 1. Why is the early Scottish history often mythologised? Early Scottish history is often mythologised because its earliest records are almost always written by others (for example Tacitus). 2. Directly and indirectly, what did the Hadrian Wall represent? It represented directly the border of the Roman colonies in Britain and indirectly the ‘’end of the world’’, where true (Roman) civilization ended and savagery began. A History Of Scotland - Episode 1 - The Last Of The Free (2/6) 1. Why shouldn`t we call the Pictish society barbarian? They were affluent, had a good diet, were very organized, probably communicated with people far away 2. What were the differences between the Gaels and the Picts? They converted to Christianity before the Picts 3. Why was it relatively easy for...
The Importance of English History Essay There is not a single country in the world without a history it can be either long or short, yet still a unique part of the existence. England has had many colourful events throughout the history, but some have dominated over the others and therefore all together formed a country we can see nowadays: the Great Britain. Starting from the beginning, Britain was part of the mainland until about 6000 BC, when it became an island. Ever since then it has been developing slightly different from the other part of the Europe. For example, when two parts separated, some animals had already adopted the life on the island and did not move back to the mainland. They suited their appearance more comfortable for the isolated island and learned how to survive in the wet climate and rather heavy air. The first inhabitants the Iberians also h...
TEST – The history of London 1) London was definitely not an important place during the Celtic period. It was just a mosquito-infested swamp. 2) London became a trading centre during the Roman occupation. It was an important crossing point for the Romans over the river Thames. Market forces began to operate. With troops stationed and ships calling, merchants will inevitably set up shops. 3) The Celtic warrior queen Boudicca and her tribesmen fought against the Roman conquest and devastated Londinium. The city was burned down and its inhabitants massacred. 4) London was rapidly rebuilt and in AD 122 the Roman walls were built around it as a defence. 5) The Romans left Britain early in the 5th century because they had to cope with troubles elsewhere in the Empire. 6) Around AD 400 the Germanic tribes invaded Britain. 7) London fell into ruins because the Anglo-Saxons destroyed the Roman towns and fo...
English began as a west Germanic language which was brought to England bt the Saxons around 400 AD. The spoken and written laguage berween 400 and 1100 AD is referred to as Old English. Many words used today come from Old English. In the 9th and 10th centuries, when Vikings invaded England, Old Norse words entered the language English from about 1300 to 1500 is known as Middle English. It was influenced by French and Latin. French brouht many words connected with goverment. Modern English eas greatly influenced by the English used in London and changed a great deal until the end of the 18th century. Many words were introduced from Greek and Latin to express new ideas, especially in science, medicine and philosophy. Nowadays 80 percent of the word-stock is foreign-born. So we can say that most world languages have contributed some words to English at some time, and the process is now being reversed. Purists of the languages are res...
ENGLAND General overview England is part of the United Kingdom Land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales on to the west The English Channel on south separates it form continental Europe The country includes over 100 smaller islands Capital and largest city is London Its has consitutional monarchy Monarch is Elizabeth II Total area is 130,395 km2 Population is 51,446,000 million, around 84% of the population of the UK Currency is Pound stearling(GBP) Has left-hand traffic Patron saint is ST. George Geography England comprises the central and southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain, in addition to a number of small islands of which the largest is the Isle of Wight Much of England consists of rolling hills, but it is generally more mountainous in the north with a chain of mountains, the Pennines, dividing east and west Other hilly areas in the north and Midlands are the La...
SCOTLAND Sandra Järvala GEOGRAPHY & POPULATION · Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and coers the northern third of the Island of Great Britain. · The Scotland capital city is Edinburgh. MAJOR CITIES · The largest city is Glasgow. Glasgow has a population of 598,830. The city has an area of 175.5 km ². · Aberdeen, Dundee, Paisley, East Kilbride and Livingston are are also large cities. · There is a Glasgow bus tours for tourists SCOTLAND FLAG · The Flag of Scotland, also known as Saint Andrew's Cross or the Saltire, is the national flag of Scotland. · Scottish flag is blue · On the flag is a white X-shaped cross. NATIONAL SYMBOLS · The national flower of Scotland is the thistle. · Scotland's national animal is the unicorn. · The Scots Pine is the national tree of Scotland. · Scotland's national bird is the golden eagle. HERALDRY · The Royal Arms of Scotland is a coat of arms symbolising S...
Topic Canada Canada is the second largest country in the world, only Russia has a greater land area. It covers nearly 4 million square kilometers. Canada is a country that is occupying most of northern America and it shares land borders with the United States to the south and northwest. Canada has the longest coast line and has about one fourth of all the fresh water available in the world. Canada has six time zones and it consists of ten provinces and three territories. Canada's birthday is on the first of July and its motto is: "From sea to sea". The first inhabitants were the ancestors of the Aborigines. Today Canada is the home of over a million Aboriginal people. They came to Canada about 25 000 years ago. First Europeans came to Canada about 1000 years ago. The first Europeans in Canada were the Vikings. The population of Canada is about...
Roman Britain 1.Ülesanne 1.Roman empire exited,more then 400 years ago. 2.Colchester was the capital of Britannia for some time,soon London or Londinium became the capital 3. Romans speaked Latin. 4. Roman rules Britannia. 5. Julius Ceasar ,Hadrian 6. Romans rules Britain before the Vikings. 2.Ülesanne a–2 b–5 c- 1 d-3 e–4 3.Ülesanne 1–d 2–g 3- i 4–h 5–j 6–a 7–b 8–f 4.Ülesanne 55- Julius Ceasar first came to Britain in the year 55 BC (before Christ ). 400- Britannia became a part of the Roman Empire for more than 400 years. 20- About 20 large towns grew araund the camps of the Roman army. 2,000,000 – The whole population of Roman Britain was about 2 million. 2000 – There were abaut 2000 villas on the south of Britannia . 12 000 – Romans built abaut 12000 kilometers of road which were wide and straight . 410 – ...
The Germanic Invasions Anglo-Saxon invasion During the 5th c. a number of Germanic tribes invaded The Angles, the Saxons, the Jutes Different peoples, but common language and customs Advance halted by King Arthur Distortions of popular history In folklore, myth (and films) a great English hero, an example of medieval nobility and chivalry In fact a Romanized Celt, lived before medieval times, fought the Anglo-Saxons (people who became "the English") Predominated by the end of the 6th c. Kingdoms established: Wessex, Essex, Sussex, Mercia, Northumbria, East Anglia etc. Kingdoms constantly at war with each other Celtic culture and language survived in Scotland, Wales and Cornwall Anglo-Saxon lifestyle A great impact on the countryside Introduced new farming methods Established numerous villa...
N. A. Vavilov ASPECTS OF BRITISH HISTORY Н. А. Вавилов КРАТКАЯ ИСТОРИЯ ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ Учебное пособие на английском языке Москва Институт международного права и экономики имени А. С. Грибоедова 2008 2 УТВЕРЖДЕНО кафедрой лингвистики и переводоведения Вавилов Н.А. Краткая история Великобритании: Учебное пособие на английском языке. – 2-е изд., пересмотр. и испр. – М.: ИМПЭ им. А.С. Грибоедова, 2008. – 88 с. Пособие содержит краткий очерк важнейших событий в истории Великобритании – от первых документально засвидетельствованных вторжений на остров (кельтов, римлян и англосаксов) до создания и распада Британск...
The United States of America. History. For thousands of years America was unknown to Europe. There lived only the native people, who had come from Siberia many thousand years ago by a land bridge. They had spread over the country, varying enormously from nomadic food gatherers to fishing societies. Then the Vikings visited Canada around AD 1000, but they did not stay. In 1492 Christopher Columbus discovered America while trying to reach India. He named the native people Indians, because he though he had reached India. He didn't stay either and in the sixteenth century the first Europeans to settle in America were the Spanish, the English and the French. The first village founded by the English settlers was in Virginia in 1607. It was called Jamestown. They didn't have good relations with the Indians and many of them died. But Pocahontas, the daughter of an Indian chief, became their friend and helped them....
LONDON HISTORY PERIOD EVENTS PEOPLE The Celtic period (400 BC Name: Celtic words (Llyn (a lake) + AD 43) Dun (a fort or strong place) ) Not important The Roman occupation (AD 43 Londinium not important Boadicea a revolt against - AD 410) politically. An important trading the Roman conquest centre. Devastation AD 61. Rebuilt. Roman walls built in AD 200. Anglo Saxons (AD 400 Destroyed the Roman towns. Many 1066) kingdoms. London in ruins. King Egbert one Flourishing. Attacks by Vikings. kingdom England (the 9th ...
Irish History Tallinn 2009 Ireland is the third-largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islets. To the east of Ireland, separated by the Irish Sea, is the island of Great Britain. Politically, the state Ireland (described as the Republic of Ireland) covers five-sixths of the island, with Northern Ireland, part of the United Kingdom, covering the remainder in the north-east. The first settlements in Ireland date from 8000 BC. By 200 BC Celtic migration and influence had come to dominate the island. Relatively small scale settlement by both the Vikings and Normans in the Middle Ages gave way to complete English domination by the 1600s. Protestant English rule resulted in the marginalisation of the Catholic majority, although in the north-east, Protestants were in the majority. A famine in the mid-1800s...
HISTORY PRECOLONIAL AMERICA Before the first Europen settlers came, various groups of interrelated cultures lived there. Such as the Tingits, the Nootka, the Yurok and many more. Indigenous people mostly fished, because there vas a vast stock of fish. But they also relied upon agriculture, hunting and trapping. They built stable villages, and lived either in birchcovered wigwams or in rectangular longhouses. Later the indigenous people were called indians, by Christopher Columbus who thought that he had reached to India. COLONIAL AMERICA As far as people know were the Vikings first European settlers to visit America. but in 1492, an Italian sailor called Christopher Columbus reached southern America when he was looking for a sea route from Europe to India. He is called to be the man who discovered America. In 1607 two very different groups of English people came to America. a group of farmers began a...
Straitland Historical Facts Straitland has served as a junction of international trade routes for Vikings. Long struggle of power with foreign intruders has left ancient strongholds in Valjala, Lihula and Soontagana. The churches in Muhu, Valjala, Mustjala, Karja and Kihelkonna are honorable and elderly because Straitland was the one to bring Christianity to Estonia. The castle of Kuressaare is still standing proudly, but in Lihula only ruins can be seen. The patterns of national dresses and the churches bring memories of secret sign cultures of Medieval Times. Good knowledge of singing and facilit...
7. That may be true, but _____ 7.0 COUNTERING 7.1 Countering directly (through antithesis) But fox-hunting is part of country life. It's one of our traditions. But public transport is expensive and inconvenient. But English has borrowed from the Romans, the Vikings, the Saxons and the French But freight trains can't deliver goods from door to door But who can say that we will develop into civilized beings? Surely, God has the right to cut his losses! But why play the gold medalists' national anthems and why wear stars and stripes on your swimming costumes? But if you worked on a farm and your chickens were killed by foxes, you'd think differently. But if you detect more crimes, you'll still need prisons. But if you followed that line to its logical conclusion, you'd pardon all criminals. But surely, you can see wha...
Cities Muckanaghederdauhaulia - This is probably the longest place name in Ireland. it consists of 22 letters There is also a village in Ireland called '' Inch village'' outside the village there is a sign '' Inch 1 mile'' i couldn't find a picture of it from the internet so i created a sign myself to make it more clear, so that can be quite confusing for a foreigner The capital city , Dublin was founded by the Vikings in 841 Worth to mention The Titanic was built in Harland and Wolff yards in Belfast , which is nowadays part of the Northern Ireland , but back then in 1909 - 1912 (which is the time when Titanic was built ) it was still part of the Ireland. So the worlds most famous ship was built in Ireland. Also Guinness beer originated in Arthur Guinness' brewery at St. James's Gate in Dublin. Nowadays it is one of the most successful beer brands in the world, being exported worldwide. sports : First I'm going...
Minnesota Ajalugu Esimesed eurooplased, kelle saabumine Minnesotasse on dokumentaalselt tõestatud, olid prantslased Pierre Esprit Radisson ja tema õemees Medard Chouart, sieur de Grosseilliers, kes uurisid 1650. aastal maa põhjaosa. 1679. aastal kuulutas maadeuurija Daniel Greysolon, sieur Duluth, regiooni formaalselt Prantsuse kuningas Louis XIV valduseks. Indiaanlastest asutasid ala Minnesota siuud dakotad. Pärast 1700. aastat saabusid Minnesotasse odzibveid. 1763. aastal pidid prantslased maa loovutama Inglismaale. Suure Louisiana maaostuga said 1803. aastal territooriumi valdajaks Ameerika Ühendriigid. 1819. aastal rajati esimene püsiasula Ft.St. Anthony (praegune Ft. Snelling). 1837. aastal hakkasid idast saabuma suuremad kolonistide hulgad ja 1849. aastal sai Minnesota territooriumi staatuse. Rohkest indiaanisõdade lahingutest oli veriseim 1862. aastal toimunud Woods Lake'i lahing, kus Väikese Vare...
History of Great Britain Prehistory (55BC) no written records 6th 3rd c. BC the Celts came to British isles hill figures, hill forts, stone circles ( Stonehenge ) RomanBritain (55BC 400AD) Julius Caesar, named the country Albion Hadrian's Wall, villas, roads, the town of Bath The AngloSaxon, Danish and Norman invasions Germanic tribes settled and stayed Anglia Christianity was brought, religion became important, churches were built 8th century = raids by the Vikings and the Danes 1016 1042 : Under Danish rule ( York was the capital ) 1042 : local AngloSaxons regain their rule 1066 : Normans arrive ( the Norman conquest ) Medieval Britain (106615th c.) the Battle of Hastings William the Conqueror a new AngloNorman state the feudal system introduced the rule of the king and church strengthened centralised country, military rule Scotland, Wales and Ire...
History of English literature Periods: 1. Anglo-saxon or early literature (499 - 1066) 2. Second or Norman or late Medieval period (1066 - 13/14 century) 3. Renaissance or Modern period (13-14 century present) Anglo-Saxon period · All of the literature had its roots in folklore · Texts were orally transmitted, the anglosaxons had no written language · Two types of singers: 1) scop (attached to the royal court, wrote poetry and songs, performed them); 2) gleeman (travelled, mostly sang other peoples' songs, not their own songs; performers of scop songs) · The oldest known song Widsith (The Far Traveller/Wonderer); tells of a gleeman who travels in Europe, of his love of noble deeds, speaks of the shortness of life http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widsith · The other known song Deor's Lament. Can be called the first English lyrics, about 40 lines. Talks about a scop who is not happy w...
History First people who lived in Canada came by a land bridge from Russia and Greenland. They were the ancestors of nowadays indigenous people of Canada. They just searched better for living places and followed their prey and they didn't even know they were on a different continent. The first explorers were Norse seafarers known as Vikings. As they sailed from Iceland to Greenland in AD 985, they were blown far off their course and they saw the coast what must have been Labrador. The forested areas of Canada's coast encouraged further explorations, because their settlement lacked lumber. They established a colony, what they called Vinland on Newfoundland. It died out during the 14th and 15th centuries. 500 years later Europeans started looking for a waterway to Asia, because travelling with spices over land wasn't very safe anymore. The first explorer was Christopher Kolumbus who reached America's shore in 1492, although he thought it ...
Anglo-norman period (1066-1300) The normans · The name derives from "the Northmen" · Descendants of the Vikings · Seized the north-western part of France · The area known as Normandy · Adopted French customs and Christianity · Norman-French (their version of French). 1066 · Edward the Confessor dies in January · Harold Godwinson crowned as king in Westminster Abbey on the same day · Another candidate for the throne William, Duke of Normandy · Gathered an army · Invasion delayed (bad weather) · Harald, king of Norway, invades England from the North · A battle at Stamford Bridge · Harald's army defeated, leaders killed · The end of the Viking Age · The Normans land in Britain (a few days after Stamford Bridge) · The Battle of Hastings · Harold defeated ...
HISTORY TEST 5 invasions to Britain until 1066 1) The Celts o Gaels in 600BC; Cymry(Britons) in 300BC o From present-day Austria, Switzerland o The Celtic language survives in the names of many places in England- Dover, Kent, Thames o The Celts are best known for their art- many bronze objects with elaborate designs; brooches; pins; mirrors; Celtic stone crosses o The Celts had 3 social orders: warriors, druids(priests) ordinary people 2) The Romans o (55 BC-Caesar) 43 AD- 410 AD- Claudius o From present-day Italy o Southern Britain became Britannia and was ruled by a roman governor o The Romans built over 20 towns: Colchester, Londinium, Winchester etc. They were good engineers and built roads and villas that had central heating, glass windows and mosaic floors ...
1) General facts The UK: * the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was formed in 1801 * it covers 243,610 sq km * everybody from the UK is called British * the capital city is London * is made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland which in turn are divided into counties * the flag is called the Union Jack which is a combination of the flags of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland * the population is about 60,000,000 people, the population density is 242 people/sq km * its coasts are washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea, Saint George's Channel, and the Irish Sea. It is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel * the United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who is also the Queen and Head of State of fifteen other Commonwealth Realms, such as Can...
1. Ancient Britain: the Celtic tribes. 2000 years ago there was an Iron Age Celtic culture throughout the Br Isles. It seems that the Celts, who had been arriving from Europe from the 8th cent BC onward, intermingled with the peoples who were already there. The Celts were extremely talented people, creative and artistic. More than 1 Celtic tribe invaded Br. The descendants of ancient Celts live in Wales, Scotland, Cornwall and Ireland. They lived in primitive society. Druids priests, more powerful than chiefs. Acted like prophets. 2. Stonehenge From prehistoric period. Was built on Salisbury plain between 2500 and 1500 bc. One of the most famous and mysterious archaeological sites in the world. One of the mysteries is how it was built at all with the technology of the time. Another is its purpose. It appears to function as a kind on astronomical clock and we know it was used by the Druids for ceremonies marking the passing ...
Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. Geographical position 3. Mountains, lowlands 4. Rivers, lakes 5. The territories and provinces 6. Towns, economy, agriculture 7. Climate 8. Animals, plantlife 9. Population 10. Sports 11. Culture 12. History 13. Political system, symbols 14. Conclusion 15. Materials 1. Introduction If you had to use two words to describe Canada, they might be large and diverse. Canada is the second largest country in the world, bordered by three oceans, and across the country, Canadians experience many different landscapes from rolling plains and mountains to the cold tundra of the north. Despite Canada's great size, it is one of the world's most sparsely populated countries. This fact, coupled with the grandeur of the landscape, has been central to the sense of Canadian national identity. 2. Geographical position Canada is the second largest country in the world after Russia. In the Arctic,...
London History The Romans AD 43- AD 410 The Romans finally invaded Britain in AD 43 from Kent. The Romans lead by Julius Caesar attempted to invade Britain twice before that in 55 and 54 BC but the invasions were unsuccessful. They made their way to the river Thames and sailed up it. The Romans knew it was important to control a crossing point at the river Thames, so they decided to build a settlement on the north bank. Although small settlements had been built on the banks of the Thames, the Romans were the ones who built the first city. They called their city Londinium. The Roman engineers noticed that the point where the swampy river narrowed would make an ideal crossing point, they built London Bridge. Less than 20 years later the native Iceni tribe, led by Queen Boudicca, rose up against the Romans in revenge for mistreatment and burnt Londinium to the ground. The well disciplined Roman army defeated her forces and Londinium was r...
Canada is the second largest country in the world. Situated to the north of the United States, in North America, it has both English and French as its official languages. Even though its area is bigger than that of the United States, its population is only about 11% of that of the USA some 35 million. Because of that, Canada has one of the lowest population densities in the world. The capital of Canada is Ottawa the name of whose comes from the old Algonquin language, with the original word meaning `to trade'. Due to the country's huge size and position, it is very diverse. It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Atlantic to the east, and the Arctic to the north. The landscapes differ greatly from rolling plains and mountains to the cold tundra in the northern part of the country. Geographically, the country's split into 5 major regions the Pacific, the Prairie Provinces, Central Canada, the Atlantic Provinces and...
INGLISE KEELE TÖÖPLAAN 6. KLASSILE Aeg: I, II veerand 2003/2004 õ.-a Õpetaja: Age Tamm Õppe- Teemad. Alateemad. Mõisted, faktid nädal 1. nädal Unit 1. What did you do last summer? Past Simple questions, statements 2. nädal Summer activities Did you...? Yes, I did / No, I didn't Alan's summer play ball / the violin My summer go swimming / ...ing Polite English. Saying hello and introducing 3. nädal Unit 2. A trip to England Past Simple 4. nädal Outdoor activities by bus / car / train / plane, on foot English Country School Ordinals (the first, the second, ...) The Tower of London Posessive pronouns ...
REVISION QUESTIONS 1. What do you know about Margaret Thatcher? Winston Churchill? Margaret Thatcher was the first female Prime Minister in Europe. She was a member of the conservative party. She died recently. Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister during WW II. He was excellent in making speeches, but he was a heavy drinker and also smoker. 2. What are the main countries of the UK and their capitals? There are 4: England with London as the capital; Wales with Cardiff as the capital; Scotland with Edinburgh as the capital; and Northern Ireland with Belfast as the capital. 3. What is Remembrance Day all about and why is it celebrated at that time? It is about the men (and women) who lost their lives fighting in the World Wars. It's celebrated then, because that's the day WWI was ended with a treaty. 4. Which powers does the Queen of the UK have? The Queen has to sign all the bills for them to pass. She is the o...
Milestones in Estonian History The Estonians are a Finno-Ugric people who came from the area near the Urals and the Volga and Oka rivers. They migrated westward to the Baltic shores some 5, 000 years ago. In the ninth century A.D. Viking ships invaded Estonia and the country became a vital link in the sea-trade between East and West. By the 12th century, the Arabian geographer al-Idrisi had placed the city on his maps. In the 13th century, Tallinn joined the Hanseatic League, the union of European commercial towns that stretched from London to Novgorod. Pärnu, Viljandi and Tartu were also members. Estonia became a vital link in the sea-trade between East and West. The oldest preserved book written in Estonian, a catechism, dates from 1535. Tartu University was established in 1632, on orders from Sweden's King Gustav II Adolf. Literacy spread. The Bible was translated into Estonian in 1739(pole vaja teada). A period of wars began in...
Fact from the last Irish census, Sean was the most popular boys name and Emma was the most popular girls name. Ireland has won the Nobel prize for literature on four occasions with George Bernard Shaw, William Butler Yeats, Samuel Beckett and Seamus Heaney. Irish aviation fact = Shannon became the worlds first duty free airport in 1947 There is no death penalty in Ireland. Ireland is a neutral state and is not a member of N.A.T.O. The famous Titanic ship was built in Belfast. Henry Ford of Ford Motor Company was the son of an Irish emigrant. John Kennedy, the thirtyfifth President of the U.S.A.was born in Massachusetts in 1917. The Kennedy family were descendants of Irish emigrants to the U.S.A. in the nineteenth century. Kilkenny born architect James Hoban designed the White House and also the official residence of the Irish president, Aras an Uachtarain. Bushmills, Couny Antrim is the Worlds Oldest Whiskey Distillery base...
Population 1. Size, its changes 2. Distribution 3. Towns 4. Ethnic makeup 5. Age breakdown 6. Religion(s) 1. Size. 1 July 2006 population estimates by UK National Statistics: % (mid- Part Population (mid-2006) 2006) England 50,762,900 83.8 Scotland 5,116,900 8.4 Wales 2,965,900 4.9 Northern Ireland 1,741,600 2.9 United Kingdom 60,587,300 100 Although Britain is quite small in terms of land area (245,000 sq km), it has a large population of nearly 61 million, which ranks the 21st in the world (Britain is the 21st most populous state in the world) and the third largest in the European Union. The size of population is chan...
History exam *Stonehenge - is a monument located in England. It is one of the most famous prehistoric sites in the world and is composed of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stones. The surrounding circular, earth bank and ditch, have been dated to about 3100 BC. Stonehenge was produced by a culture with no written language. Many aspects of Stonehenge remain subject to debate. There is little or no direct evidence for the construction techniques used by the Stonehenge builders. *The Celts in Britain and their legacy The Cets lived in Britain in The Iron Age. They were warring tribes who were battleful amongst themselves as well as inter-tribal war. They were not centrally governed. The Celts brought iron working, iron ploughs and metal swords, horses, wheels and chariots - all these things gave them an instant superiority over the native tribes. The Celts built a number ...
Stonehenge One of the best known ancient wonders of the world, 5000 years old Megalith monument, built by western mediterraneans during 3000-1600 BC Circular structure, large standing stones, aligned with rising sun at teh solstice Attlers and bones were sued to dig pits that hold the stones The Celts in Britain and their legacy 700-200 BC celts invade Britain Gaels or Goehls(Ireland and Scotland),Cymri(Wales) and Brythons(gave name to Brittany) Fierce fighters,superb horsemen.Most of them farmers, lived in thatched houses Good at art, craftmanship, used iron Divided into tribes, ruled by kings, only in face of danger would they choose a single leader Legacy- hill-forts, farms, churches, field system, woodland, pasture, weapons, iron objects, langugae, culture Caesar in Britain The great Roman Emperor Firts came 55 BC to gather information, celts ...
The UK & London The United Kingdom (or the UK) is a short way of saying the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Norther Ireland. The UK is situated north-west of the European continent between the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. The UK consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Its highest point is Ben Nevis in Scotland followed by Snowdon in Wales. The Severn is the longest river in the United Kingdom. Other important rivers are the Trent, the Mersey, the Tyne, etc. Lough Neagh which lies in the centre of Northern Ireland is thr UK's largest freshwater lake. The climate in the UK is variable. The weather changes so frequently that it is difficult to forecast. It is not unusual for people to complain that the weathermen were wrong. Fortunately there is no extreme weather conditions, it is never very cold or very hot. The first inhabitants were Iberians and Celts who sett...
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