Liha töötlemine
106 Chapter 5
quarters, or boned-out primals in 25-kg sub-zero temperatures but does not undergo
cartons. It is not unusual for meat to be frozen a phase change and freeze until the pressure
twice before it reaches the consumer. During is released. Rapid nucleation results in small
industrial processing, frozen raw material is even ice crystals. However, studies on pork
often thawed or tempered before being turned and beef (Fernandez-Martin et al. 2000) and
into meat-based products (i.e., pies, conve- on pork (Zhu et al. 2004) failed to show any
nience meals, burgers, etc., or consumer por- real commercial quality advantages, and an
tions, fillets, steaks, and so on). These increase in toughness was found in the later
consumer-sized portions are often refrozen study.
before storage, distribution, and sale
annaabi.ee 
