See referaat räägib Abel Tasmanist, kes oli hollandi meresõitja. Ta uuris põhjalikult Vaikse ookeani lõunaosa. Ta oli esimene, kes külastas tema järgi nimetatud Tasmaania saart ja kes märkas Uus-Meremaad. Ta tegi ringi ümber Austraalia, seda üldse märkamata. Samuti uuris ta põhjalikumalt Tonga ja Fiji saarestike. Mina valisin Abel Tasmani oma referaadi teemaks seetõttu, et ma soovisin temast rohkem teada saada, kui ma praegu teadsin. Abel Tasman (1603-1659) 3 Varajane elu Abel Janszoon Tasman sündis 1603. aastal Hollandis, Lutjegastis Groningeni külas. Ta oli abielus Claesgie Meyndrixiga ja neil sündis ka tütar. Hiljem, kui ta naine suri, abiellus ta 1632. aastal Janetjie Tjaersiga. Hiljem oli ta lühidalt Ühendatud Ida India Kompaniis ja 1634. aastaks oli ta kapteni abi kaubalaeval, mis sõitis Bataviast Moluccani
Aafrikas, Kesk-Aasias, Indias ja Indoneesias, koostas reisikirjeldusi. Afanassi Nikitin elas 15. Saj., reisis Indiasse, koostas reisikirjelduse. Cristoph Kolumbus jõudis 1492. aastal Lääne-India saarestikku, avastas Ameerika. Vasco da Gama purjetas aastatel 1497-1498 ümber Aafrika Indiasse. Amerigo Vespucci jõudis aastatel 1497-1502 L- Ameerika rannikule, temast tuli ka Ameerika nimi. F. Magalhäes sooritas aastatel 1519-1522 esimese ümbermaailmareisi. Obel Tasman uuris aastate 1642-1644 Vaikse o. saari ja Tasmaaniat. James Cook sooritas aastatel 1768-1778 3 ümber- maailmareisi, uuris Vaikse o. saari, kaardistas Austraalia. Krusesten, Lisjanski Eestlased, kordasid aastatel 1803- 1806 Magalhäesi teekonda, peatusid ka Jaapa-ni s. Küsüli s. Hawail. Bellinghausen, Lazarev Eestlased, jõudsid aastatel 1819-1821 Antarktise lõunarannikule. R. Amundsen jõudis 1911. aasta detsembris esimesena lõunapoolusele. R. Scott jõudis 1912
Maadeuurijad ja uurimisreisid Ajavahemikku 1450.-1650.a on vahetevahel nimetatud suurte geograafiliste avastuste ajastuks. Tol ajal rändasid Euroopa maadeuurijad ümber maailma ning avastasid mitmeid maid ja rahvaid. Kaubavahetus Euroopa ja Aasia vahel on käinud iidsetest aegadest. Kuid kaubad on rännanud ühelt kaupmehelt teisele, ilma et keegi neist oleks ise teinud läbi kogu teekonna. Esimesed maadeuurijad 1200. aastatel reisis Marco Polo Itaaliast Hiinasse. 1300. aastatel sooritas Araabia maadeuurija Ibn Batuta reisi läbi Lähis-Ida Indiasse. Ja 1400. aastate algul purjetas Hiina maadeuurija Cheng Ho Pärsiasse, Araabiasse ja mööda Aafrika rannikut lõunasse. Portugali maadeuurijad Portugallased tahtsid leida mereteed ümber Aafrika Indiasse. 1488. aastal jõudis Bartolomeu Dias Hea Lootuse neemeni. Kümme aastat hiljem sõitis Vasco da Gama sealt edasi Indiasse. Õige varsti pürgisid Portugali meresõitjad ...
products, wood and paper products Bank, 2009) GNI per capita: US $26,830 (World Bank, 2009) Top ten places to visit in New Zealand Fiordland National Park It is New Zealand's largest national park. The scenery in Fiordland is nothing short of stunning, with deep fiords, steep mountains, raging waterfalls, and lush rain forests. Amazing diving, dolphins, seals, and rare bird life. Abel Tasman National Park New Zealand's smallest national park. One of New Zealand's sunniest spots. The beaches have a range of coloured sand from gold to white that look out onto the clear waters of the Tasman Sea. Top ten places to visit in New Zealand Queenstown Beautiful lake side town is surrounded by mountains and is one of New Zealands premier tourist destinations. The home of bungee jumping and jet boating.
New Zealand Evelin & Pilleriin New Zealand 2 islands Sheep Earthquake Summer~winter Legend Fished from the sea Youngest country The Maori The Maori AotearoaLand of the Long White Cloud Farming and hunting By 1,800 about 100,000 Maori European Migration Abel Tasman 1642 He never set foot on New Zealand 1840 treaty was signed Colony of Britain Whalers and missionaires Interesting facts 9 sheep to every 1 human Wellington is the southernmost capital city in the world Last major landmass to be populated A kiwi Famous people Ernest Rutherfordfather of nuclear physics for his orbital theory of the atom Sir Edmund Hillary Russell Crowe
Government-Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy • Monarch - Queen Elizabeth II • Governor-general - Jerry Mateparae • Prime minister - John Key About Area-268,021 km2 Population-4,509,461 ( January 2014 ) Anthem-"God Defend New Zealand„ New Zealanders are calling their country Aotearoa. History o Māori were the first to arrive in New Zealand, journeying in canoes from Hawaiki about 1,000 years ago. A Dutchman, Abel Tasman, was the first European to sight the country In 1840, the Treaty of Waitangi was signed, an agreement between the British Crown and Maori Nature New Zealand is made up of two main islands and a number of smaller islands The South Island is the largest landmass of New Zealand New Zealand has a mild and temperate maritime climate with mean annual temperatures ranging from 10 °C in the south to 16 °C in the north. Thanks for watching!
nüüd tema nime kandev väin. Keerukast väinast läbisõit võttis aega üle kuu ning sealt jõuti 1520. aasta novembri lõpul ookeanile, mille Magalhaes nimetas hiljem Vaikseks ookeaniks. Läbiti Okeaania, jäid esimese saarestikuna teele Mariaanid ja seejärel Filipiinid. Pärast ekspeditsiooni juhi surma avastati Kalimantani saar. Hispaaniasse jõudis 7. septembril 1522. aastal tagasi ainult üks laev 18 mehega de El Cano juhtimisel. Abel Janszoon Tasman 1603-1659 1642.-1644. a Hollandi meresõitja A.J.Tasman esimesena uuris Austraalia lähiümbrust, Uus-Meremaad, Tonga ja Fidzi saari. Tasmaania saar oli avastatud 24. novembril 1642, Abel Tasman nimetas maa Anthoonij van Diemenslandt'iks, kes oli tema reiside rahaline toetaja, hiljem saar sai nime Tasmaania. See oli "hiilgav ebaõnnestumine", sest tehti ring ümber mandri mandrit leidmata A.I. Krusenstern, F.G. Bellinshausen (1778-1852) , F. Wrangel, K.E. Baer ja A.T.
hõõguvaid tuletukke. Rõivaid peaaegu ei kantud, käidi enamasti alasti. Kagu-Austraalias valmistati nahast keepe, Lääne-Arnhemi naised kandsid pandanilehtedest seelikuid. Väga rikkalik oli Austraalia vaimne kultuur, nagu rahvausund, müüdid ja mitmesugused jumalused. 1611. aastal randusid esimesed hollandi meremehed Austraalia põhjaranniku. 17. sajandi keskel purjetas hollandi meresõitja Abel Tasman ümber Austraalia nii põhjast kui lõunast. Oma reisil avastas ta saare, mis hiljem nimetati tema järgi Tasmaaniaks. Tasman tõestas, et Austraalia on eraldi manner, mitte aga tundmatu Antarktise mandri osa, nagu varem arvati. 1770. aastal astus James Cook esimese eurooplasena koos oma meeskonnaga Austraalia pinnale. Cook leidis seal eest mõnusa kliima ja imeilusad metsad veidrate taimedega. Oma maabumiskoha nimetas ta selle järgi Botany Bayks. 18. sajandi lõpul algas Austraalia asustamine
Väga rikkalik oli Austraalia vaimne kultuur, nagu rahvausund, müüdid ja mitmesugused jumalused. 3 1611. aastal randusid esimesed hollandi meremehed Austraalia põhjarannikul. 17. sajandi keskel purjetas hollandi meresõitja Abel Tasman ümber Austraalia nii põhjast kui lõunast. Oma reisil avastas ta saare, mis hiljem nimetati tema järgi Tasmaaniaks. Tasman tõestas, et Austraalia on eraldi manner, mitte aga tundmatu Antarktise mandri osa, nagu
New Zealand Capital city is Wellington Total area 268,680 km² Population of 4,252,000 Official languages: English (98%) Mori (4.2%) NZ Sign Language (0.6%) History The first settlers were Eastern Polynesians somewhere around 800 and 1300 AD These settlers developed into a distinct culture known as Mori First European Abel Janszoon Tasman in 1642 British explorer James Cook in 176871 Culture and sports Large festivals are held in celebration of Diwali and Chinese New Year. The world's largest Polynesian festival, Pasifika, is an annual event in Auckland. Diwaliis a major Indian and Nepalese holiday. Popular sports are rugby, cricket, bowls, netball, soccer, golf , swimming and tennis. New Zealand has won more Olympic gold medals than any other country. Main tourist attractions Mount Cook
· Salamanca Place Tasmania Food, art, shopping and music · The Rocks Museums and galleries Cul-de-sacs Sydney Harbour Bridge Melbourne hidden laneways General facts about New Zealand · Capital: Wellington · Population: 4 596 700 · Area: 268 021 km² · Anthem: God Defend New Zealand · Currency: New Zealand dollar · Languages:English, Maori and New Zealand sign language History of New Zealand · Last major landmass settled by humans · Abel Tasman: 1642 · James Cook: 1769 · Musket wars: 1801-1840 · Treaty of Waitangi: 6 February 1840 Sites in New Zealand · Tongariro National Park Emerald lakes, alpine meadows, hot springs and volcanos Skiing, hiking · Bay of Plenty Tauranga · Fox glacier 13 km long One of the most accessible Sources · https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia · http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2012/05/11/12-amazing-natural-wo nders-of-australia/ · https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangaroo_Island
Suured maadeavastused- nende põhjused, eeldused, tulemused Suured maadeavastused olid geograafilised avastused, mis tehti eurooplaste poolt väljaspool Euroopat 15. sajandi algusest 17. sajandi alguseni. Selle perioodi kuulsaimad maadeavastajad on Bartolomeu Dias, Christoph Kolumbus, Vasco da Gama, Pedro Álvares Cabral, Giovanni Caboto, Abel Tasman, Willem Barents, Juan Ponce de León ja Fernão de Magalhães. Suurteks maadeavastusteks oli väga head tehnilised eeldused näiteks tänu renessansiajastu uuele tehnikale ja uutele ideedele, sealhulgas kartograafia, navigatsiooni ja laevaehituse arengule. Laevaehituses etendas kõige tähtsamat osa karaki ja seejärel karavelli leiutamine. Karavell on pika, kitsa kere ja kõrge ahtriga purjekas . Samuti olid Hispaanias ja Portugalis suurte meresõidukogemustega inimesed
maailmaturule, sellest pressitakse väärtuslikku taimeõli ning pressimisjäätmed on loomadele tunnustatud jõusöödaks. Fidzi tähtsaim kaubapartner on Austraalia. Ajalugu 5 Esimesed inimesed saabusid Fidzile ammu enne eurooplasi. Fidzi linnadest välja kaevatud pottidest on avastatud, et Fidzi oli asustatud juba 1000 aastat eKr. Eurooplastest avastas saarestiku esimesena hollandlane Abel Tasman 1643. 1804 rajati Ovalau saarel esimene eurooplaste asundus. Põlisasukail oli tollal ürgkogukondlik kord lagunemas. 1829 allutas pealik Na Ulivau enamiku saartest oma võimule, 1854 astus tema vennapoeg, valitseja Takbombau, ristiusku. Aastast 1874 oli Fidzi Suurbritannia koloonia. Idasaartele asutatud suhkrurooistandustesse toodi tööle indialasi. 1966 sai Fidzi naissoost
14.9% Mori Flower - Kowhai 11.8% Asian 7.4% Pacific peoples 1.2% Middle Eastern/Latin Americans/African 1.7% Other GOVERNME NT Constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy Elizabeth II is the Queen of New Zealand and the head of state Currency is New Zealand Dollar NZD LANGUAGES New Zealand English Te Reo Maori New Zealand Sign HISTORY Ancestors of Mori, arrived from Polynesia between 1200 and 1300 AD In 1642, a Dutch Explorer Abel Tasman, was the first European to discover New Zealand In 1769, Captain James Cook reached the islands. The first European to land on them 18th and 19th centuries Europeans began to officially settle on New Zealand The Treaty of Waitangi - protection Maori lands if the tribes recognize British control MAORI PAKEHA 20TH CENTURY MILITARY New Zealand Thousands of New After World War I troops fought
These first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. Exploration by Europeans till 1812 1606 Willem Janszoon 1606 Luis Váez de Torres 1616 Dirk Hartog 1619 Frederick de Houtman 1644 Abel Tasman 1696 Willem de Vlamingh 1699 William Dampier 1770 James Cook 17971799 George Bass 18011803 Matthew Flin Sightseeing. St. Mary`s Catholic Cathedral Sydney Opera house Melbourne docklands The Melbourne skyline as viewed from Yarra's Edge, Docklands, Melbourne after sunset. Used materials. http://en
....................9 9. Vasco da Gama........................................................................10 10.Fernão de Magalhães.................................................................11 11. Henry Hudson........................................................................11 12. Willem Barents.......................................................................12 13. William Baffin.........................................................................12 14. Abel Janszoon Tasman..............................................................12 15. James Cook...........................................................................13 16. Adam Johann von Krusenstern.....................................................13 17. Fabian Gottlieb von Bellinghausen................................................14 18. Otto von Kotzebue...................................................................14 19. James Clark Ross.........................................................
Suure maadeavastus perioodi Kuulsamad meres õitjad Bartolomeu Diaspurjetas 1488 esimese teadaoleva eurooplasena ümber Hea Lootuse neeme Aafrika lõunatipus. Christoph Kolumbus 1492. aastal ületasKastiilia (Hispaania) lipu all Atlandi ookeani ja jõudis Ameerikasse. Vasco da Gamaesimene eurooplane, kes Euroopast Indiasse purjetas. Giovanni Caboto 1497. aasta PõhjaAmeerika uurimine oli eurooplaste esimene reis sellele mandrile pärast norralaste reise 11. sajandi alguses. Abel Tasman purjetas ta esimesena ümber Austraalia mandri ja jõudis esimese eurooplasena 13. detsembril 1642 UusMeremaale. Willem BarentsAastatel 15941597 sooritas ta PõhjaJäämerel kolm merereisi, et avastada Kirdeväil. Fernão de Magalhães Kuigi ta ei jõudnud ümbermaailmareisilt tagasi, oli ta üks esimesi, kes läbis kõik meridiaanid Maailma kaar t 17. sajandil Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level
-L-AMEERIKA ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT. KIRDEVÄIL KULGEB MÖÖDA ATLANDI OOKEANIT ÜMBER EURAASIA VAIKSESSE OOKEANI. ESIMESENA LÄBIS SELLE ROOTSLANE NORDENSKJÖLD. LOODEVÄIL KULGEB MÖÖDA ATLANDI OOKEANIT ÜMBER P-AMEERIKA VAIKSESSE OOKEANI. ESIMESENA LÄBIS SELLE NORRALANE AMUNDSEN. 4) 18-19. sajand arvati, et L-poolkeral asub hiigelmanner TERRA AUSTRALIS, kuigi keegi polnud kunagi seda näinud. Esimesena purjetas sealkandis hollandlane Abel Tasman, kelle järgi tasmaania nimetati. Siiski 1770. aastal avastas Austraalia James Cook, sel ajal kaardistati ka austraaliat. Aafrika sisealade uurija DAVID LIVINGSTONE tahtis leida Niiluse algust, kuid ei leidnud. Ta avastas NJASSA JÄRVE, KONGO JÕE ja VICTORIA JÄRVE. 5) ANTARKTIS- 1819-1821 SOORITAS VENELASTE EKSPEDITSIOON ÜMBER ANTARKTISE PURJETAMIST NING 1820a. loetakse ANTARKTISE AVASTAMISEKS. Purjetati kahe laevaga, mille üks kapten oli baltisakslane Bellingshausesn ja teise
aastat tagasi. Tõusvad merevee tasemed lõikasid Tasmaania ära Austraalia maismaast, umbes 10 000 aastat tagasi. Naine Truganini (1812-1876) on üldteada viimane täisvereline Tasmaania ürgelanik. Tugevad tõendid näitavad, et viimane ellujäänu oli teine naine, Fanny Cochrane Smith, kes oli sündinud Wybalenas ja suri 1905. Eurooplaste esimesed kirjalikud andmed Tasmaania kohta pärinevad 24. novembrist 1642, mil Hollandi meresõitja Abel Tasman nimetas maa Anthoonij van Diemenslandt'iks, kes oli tema reiside rahaline toetaja. Hiljem nimetasid inglased saare ümber Van Diemeni maaks. LÄHIAJALUGU Tasmaaniat olid halvasti mõjutanud 1967 aasta Tasmaania tulekahjud, kus olid suured vara- ja inimkaotused. Tasmaania sild varises kokku, kui teda tabas maagilaev 1975. aastal ning see tegi Hobartis Derwent'i jõe ületamise peaaegu võimatuks. 28. aprillil 1996 aasta vahejuhtumis, mida tuntakse Port Arthuri veresaunana,
........................................................5 4. Culture...........................................................................................................6 5. Conclusion .....................................................................................................7 6. References .....................................................................................................8 Introduction New Zealand is an island country in the southwest of Oceania. The Tasman sea separates New Zealand from Australia. The basic parts of New Zealand are the North Island and the South Island. Wellington - which is located on the South Island - is the most southern capital city in the world, but the biggest city in New Zealand is Auckland. There are three official languages in New Zealand: English, Maori and the New Zealand's Sign Language. In Maori language the island is also called Aotearoa (which means "Pika Valge Pilve Maa" in Estonian).
Introduction, Location Australia is a country between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It is the only country in the world that occupies an entire continent. The mainland covers an area of 7.7 million km² and it is about 3700 km from the most northern point to its most southern point and about 4000 km from east to west. There are also many different seas around Australia, like the Coral and the Tasman Seas in the west or the Timor and the Arafura Seas in the north, where the Indian and the Pacific Oceans meet. Because all seas and oceans near Australia are warm, surfing is a very popular hobby. Political subdivision Australia is divided into six states, which are: · New South Wales · Victoria · Queensland · South Australia · Western Australia · Tasmania New South Wales is the most populous state in Australia. Its capital is Sydney.
14. sajandil kuninga Tonga delegeeritakse suur osa tema ajalist võimu. Mõnikord hiljem, seda protsessi korrati ka teise kuninglike liinidega, mille tulemuseks on seega kolm erinevat suunda: Euroopa Tu'i Tonga koos vaimse asutusega, mis on arvatavasti on laiendatud üle palju Polüneesia ning Tu'i Ha'atakalaua ning Tu'i Kanokupolu. Hollandi navigaatorid olid esimesed eurooplased Tonga saartel. Peamist saart Tongataput külastas esimest korda Hollandi uurija Abel Tasman 1643 aastal. Pidev kontakt eurooplastega siiski ei alanud enne kui 125 aastat hiljem. Kapten James Cook külastas saari aastal 1773 ja 1777 ning andis saarestikule nime "sõbralikke Saared", sest seal olevat tegemist kerget laadi inimestega. Esimesed misjonärid saabusid Londonist Tongasse 1747 aastal. Teine misjonäride grupp järgnes 1822 aastal, mida juhtis Walter Lawry. Samal ajal, TAUFA'AHAU võttis endale nime Siaosi (George) ja tema abikaasa endale nime Salote (Charlotte).
UusKaledoonia, Fidzi ja Tonga. Ajalugu Polüneesia meresõitjad saabusid UusMeremaale 11. ja 13. sajandi vahel ning lõid maoori kultuuri. Enamus UusMeremaast jagati hõimude vahel territooriumiteks, mida nimetati "rohedeks" ning mida kontrollisid "hapd" (peasuguharud). Maoorid kohanesid UusMeremaa kliima, ning eluoludega kiiresti, süües mereande, ning suuri lennuvõimetuid linde. Esimesed teadaolevad eurooplased tõi UusMeremaale Abel Tasman, kes seilas mööda läänerannikut Lõuna ja Põhja saartel 1642. Aastal 1893 sai UusMeremaast esimene rahvus maailmas, kes andis naistele valimisõiguse, siiski said naised osaleda valimistel alles aastal 1919. UusMeremaa sai iseseisvaks valitsusalaks 26. septembril 1907. Geograafilised andmed Kogu maaala suurus on 268,680 ruutkilomeetrit. Kliima üle terve riigi on enamjaolt mõõdukas. Temperatuur langeb harva alla 0°C ega tõuse ka üle 30°C.
the National Museum. In addition to local sporting leagues, Canberra has a number of sporting teams that compete in national and international competitions. The best known teams are the Canberra Raiders and the Brumbies who play rugby league and rugby union respectively. Sydney Sydney is the largest and most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is located on Australia's southeast coast of the Tasman Sea. With an approximate population of 4.5 million in the Sydney metropolitan area the city is the largest in Oceania. The Sydney Opera House. The Sydney Opera House is a multivenue performing arts centre in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was conceived and largely built by Danish architect Jørn Utzon, who, in 2003, received the Pritzker Prize, architecture's highest honour. Melbour ne
landmasses (the North Island and the South Island), and numerous smaller islands, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands. The indigenous Mori language name for New Zealand is Aotearoa, commonly translated as land of the long white cloud. Population (1998): 3,801,000.New Zealand is notable for its geographic isolation; it is situated about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) southeast of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and its closest neighbours to the north are New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga. During its long isolation New Zealand developed a distinctive fauna dominated by birds, a number of which became extinct after the arrival of humans and the mammals they introduced.The majority of New Zealand's population is of European descent; the indigenous Mori are the largest minority. Asians and non-Mori Polynesians are also significant minority groups, especially in urban areas
Outgoing calls are for telemarketing. Problems: bad conditions Australia 1. States and territories of Australia are: Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland, Tasmania, New South Wales, Victoria, Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory (Canberra). 2. The East Coast and the West Coast are more densely populated, while the inland (The Outback) is rather sparsely. 3. During the 17th century, Australia was explored by many Europeans (Tasman, Hartog, and Dampier) but never placed on map nor claimed, until Captain James Cook in 1770 landed on the East Coast (Botany Bay) and claimed it for Great Britain. 4. The first colony was established in 1788 in New South Wales. The first settlers were convicts, who were brought over from Britain. 5. After WWII, the main immigration was from refugees from Europe. The population of India and China were seen as threat
kindlustustes. Nad kasutasid alepõllunduse tüüpi põllumajandust. Maaviljeluses olid kasutusel niisutussüsteemide kompleksid. Põllud olid kaitstud kindlustuskraavidega. Traditsiooniline ühiskond koosnes hõimugruppidest, mida juhtisid pealikud. Seal olid suguharud, mis jagati klannideks ja aladel all-klannideks. Võim suguharus kuulus kõrgemale pealikule. Kõige tüüpilisem tegevus oli sõdimine teiste omasugustega. Esimese eurooplasena nägi saari hollandlane Abel Tasman, kes möödus 1643. aastal laevadega Heemskerck ja Zeehaen nende kirdeservast. James Cook nägi saari 1774. aastal kagust. Kapten William Blight oma laevalt 1789. aastal ja läks 3 aastat hiljem neid avastama. 1829 allutas pealik Na Ulivau enamiku saartest oma võimule. 1854 võttis tema vennapoeg, valitseja Seru Epenisa Cakobau, omaks ristiusu ning 1865 ühendas ta saareriigi üheks kuningriigiks. 1874 muudeti Fidzi Suurbritannia kolooniaks. 1966 sai Fidzi piiratud autonoomia. 10.
The population is unevenly distributed. Three fourths of New Zealanders live on warmer North Island and about 84 per cent of the people live in urban areas and about half of these in the four largest cities. The largest centre with over 1 million inhabitants is Auckland. ..................................................................................................................................................... In 1642, the Dutch sailor Abel Tasman visited New Zealand and named it Zeeland. After Captain James Cook's exploration of New Zealand in the late 18th century, an increasing number of settlers came to New Zealand. In 1840, an agreement was signed between the British Crown and Maori. It established British law in New Zealand. As more and more settlers arrived, conflicts over land led to several wars between the British and Maori in the North Island. The South Island remained rather peaceful until in 1863 gold was found there,
Polynesia capital of the South Pacific. People from China, Taiwan, Korea, Vietnam, etc have also settled in New Zealand making for a diverse population mix. History : New Zealand was one of the last corners of the planet to be inhabited by people. Around 950AD the Maori arrived from Polynesia (Tonga and Hawaii) to the northern part of the North Island. There is however evidence of earlier settlement by other more peaceful Polynesian people. After the dutch sailor Abel Tasman visited New Zealand and named it Zeeland, more and more settlers arrived, conflicts over land led to several wars between the British and Maori in the North Island. The South island remained rather peaceful until gold was found there and thousand of people hurried there to look for gold. Since World War , New Zealand has moved towards its own unique national identity and place in the world. New Zealand was the first sovereign state to give votes to women. Weather and climate:
Australia well before the 17th century. Chinese, Malaysian and Arab sea Captains may also have landed in Northern Australia after the 15 th century. Still Australia remained unexplored until 17th century. One reasons Australia remained undiscovered was that it was located off the trading corridor of the Indian and Pacific. The first recorded European contact with Australia was in March 1606, when Dutch explorer Willem Janszoon called it New Holland. In 1642 Abel Tasman discovered Tasmania. The first english explorer was William Dampier in 1688. he was followed by James Cook. In 1768 captain James Cook left England on a three year expedition to the Pacific that also took him to Australia. Cook landed in Botany Bay on the eastern coast. He charted the region and named it New South Wales. Britain decided to use its new outpost as a penal colony; the first fleet of 11 ships carried about 1500 people half of them convicts. The fleet
More than 6000 miles of ocean separate it from the America. Australia is the world's smallest, flattest and driest continent. It is also the oldest some of the rocks are more than 3,000 million years old. It is the 6th largest country. Its territory is 7 700 000 km2. Australia is an island continent, washed by the South Pacific Ocean, The Australia Sea, the Timor Sea, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean and the Tasman Sea. As a result, its seasons are the opposite of ours. Australia consists of six states, two major mainland territories, and other minor territories. The states are New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia. The two major mainland territories are the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory. English is the offical language, and is spoken and written in a distinct variety known as Australian English
39)Kuninga võimu piirab seadusandlik võimuorgan; kuningas teostab täidesaatvat võimu parlamentaalne monarhia 40)USA osariikide esinduskogu 1776.a kontinentaalkongress 18.Ühenda paarid 5p 1) M. Luther - Saksa teoloog 15-16 saj. reformatsiooni algataja ja usupuhastaja, on mõjutanud suuresti luterlust. 2) J. Calvin - 3) Henry VIII 4) Leo X 5) I. Loyola 6)Ricelieu 7)Voltaire 8)Montesquieu 9)Rousseau 10) Louis XV 11) C. Kolumbus 12) V. da Gama 13) F. Magalhaes 14) B. Diaz 15) A. Tasman 16) B.Franklin 17) G.Washington 18) T.Jefferson 19) A.Lincoln 20) Victoria 19. Kirjuta daatum. 1) Napoleoni sõjakäik Venemaale - 1812 2) I ümbermaailma reis - 1519-1521 3) Aurumasina leiutamine - 1789 4)Prantsuse revolutsiooni algus - 1789 5)Tordesillase leping - 1494 6)Napoleon kroonitakse keisriks - 1804 7)Viini kongress - 1814-1815 8)M.Luther alustas usupuhastust Saksamaal - 1517 9)Kuulutatakse välja Saksa keisririik - 18. Jan 1870
Louis XV - oli Prantsusmaa kuningas 1715. Aastast. C. Kolumbus - oli sooritas ajavahemikus 1492-1504 neli avastusreisi Kesk-Ameerikasse (15-16) V. da Gama - oli Vasco da Gama- 1498 avastas meretee Indiasse ümber Aafrika. F. Magalhaes- alustas1519. aastal esimest ümbermaailmareisi,tagasi jõuti 1521. (15-16) B. Diaz - Bartolomeu Diaz- 1488 avastas Hea Lootuse neeme kes purjetas 1488. aastal esimese teadaoleva eurooplasena ümber Hea Lootuse neeme Aafrika lõunatipus. (15-16) A. Tasman - oli hollandi meresõitja ja maadeavastaja (16) A.Lincoln - oli Ameerika Ühendriikide poliitik ja 16. president 1861–1865. (19) Victoria - oli Suurbritannia ja Iirimaa valitsev kuninganna ja India keisrinna. (19-20) 19. Kirjuta daatum. 1) Napoleoni sõjakäik Venemaale 1812 2) I ümbermaailma reis 20. septembril 1519. aastal 3) Aurumasina leiutamine - 18. sajandil 5)Tordesillase leping - 7. juunil 1494 6)Napoleon kroonitakse keisriks - 2. detsembril. 7)Viini kongress - 1814 -1815 8)M
there was a land in the southern ocean. It was called the Unknown South Land. But more than 60 000 years before the arrival of the European settlers, Aboriginal people inhabited most areas of the nowadays Australian European settlement. There were estimated 300,000 Indigenous Australians living on the continent. The Dutch navigator Janszoon was the first to find the South Land. He sighted the coast in 1606. Then Abel Tasman visited an island off the southern coast of Australia in 1642 and the island was named Tasmania after him. In 1770 British sailor James Cook came to Australia and landed in Botany Bay. He declared that Australia was very suitable for settlers. Britain had to send their convicts to the new country after loss in the American War of Independence to replace the North Atlantic colonies. In 1788 the First Fleet with eleven ships, with 1500 people on board were sent to
There is a great reason why. It really is an island. It is 2880 km from the mainland of Asia and is almost half way round the world from Europe. More than 9 600 km separates it from America. Australia lies between the Pacific and Indian oceans. The Timor Sea and the Arafura Sea separate Australia from Indonesia. In the north the coast is washed by Great Australian Bight and the Indian Ocean. In the northeast the Coral Sea washes the coasts and in the southeast there is the Tasman Sea which also separates Australia from New Zealand. The biggest island is Tasmania which is located to the south of the country. 3 Relief Australia is a flat and old continent. Its average height is 274 m above sea level. Its relief is pretty simple – plains cover the greater part of it. Basically one third of its area is covered by deserts and plains. Biggest deserts and plains are: the Great Sandy Desert, the Gibson
Australia is located on the Southern Hemisphere (because of that Australia is also called "A land down under"). 2 . Geographical position Australia is an island continent and it is located between the Indian and South Pacific oceans south east of Asia. From the north it is bordered by the Timor Sea and the Torres Strait. From the east by the Coral Sea and the Tasman Sea. Australia's coastline is about 37,000 km long. The Great Australian Bight washes the southern coast. The Gulf of Carpenteria and the Cape York Peninsula surround it in the south. 3. Relief Australia is the smallest continent in the world It is often called the island continent because is too big for an island but rather small for a continent. Australia is 1,800 miles from the mainland of Asia and almost half way round the world from Europe
Australia remained unknown for Europeans until 400 years ago and no European settled there until 1788. Long before the seventeenth century, people though there was land in the southern ocean, but nobody had seen it. So it was called Terra Australis Incognita - the Unknown South Land. The first recorded European to see Australia was a Dutch - Captain William Jansz who entered the Gulf of Carpentaria in 1606. Another Dutch - Abel Tasman sailed to the south and discovered Tasmania in 1642. By the middle of the seventeenth century most of the north, west and south coasts had been charted. But the Dutch were disappointed with their new discoveries. The first British captain who saw the new continent was William Dampier who visited the north western coast in 1688 and 1689. In 1770 the British sailor Captain James Cook landed on the east coast at Botany bay, and said Australia now belonged to Britain
driest continent. Although large areas of the centre are desert, Australia has a wide range of climate from tropical in the north to temperate in the south east, where it frequently snows in winter. Geographical position The coasts of Australia are surrounded by the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Southern Ocean. Four seas are surrounding Australia, which are the Timor Sea and Arafura Sea in the north of Australia, the Coral Sea in the north-east of Australia and the Tasman Sea, near the island of Tasmania, in the south-east of Australia. Government The full name of the county is the Commonwealth of Australia. Its territory is 7.7 million square kilometres and population is about 19.7 million. The state symbols are the coat of arms, flag anthem and aboriginal symbols. Australia's flag has a British Union flag. . It is blue with the flag of the UK in the upper left corner. Five stars represent the Constallation
The executive power in Australia is in the hands of the Prime Minister. Today the Prime Minister is John Howard. History. The first inhabitants in Australia are the Aborigines who came there about 60000 years ago. The first known Europeans to arrive in Australia were the Dutch. William Jaanzsoon tried to reach the East Indies, but landed in western Australia in 1611. The Dutch gave a poor account of Australia considering it to be and arid land inhabited by fierce savages. Abel Tasman was also a Dutch sailor and he discovered Tasmania. Captain James Cook discovered the fertile eastern coast in 1770 and had a more favourable outlook. He explored the coast and named some most important features, such as Botany Bay, for instance. Australia was called Terra Australis Incognita before 1770 and it means `southland'. After the disgraceful loss in the American War of Independence, Britain looked to establish new penal settlements to replace the North Atlantic colonies
91. Kartograafia areng Euroopas keskajal 92. Suurte maadeavastuste mõju kartograafiale o Itaalias - Vespucci (4 retke Ameerikasse), G.Cobato (Newfoundlandi saar), Marco Polo (reisid Hiinasse). o Portugal - Diogo Cao (rännakud Aafrikasse), B. Dias (Aafrika lõunatipp), Vasco da Gama (Ida-India avastamine), Alfonso Albuquerique (retked Itaaliasse), F. de Magalhaes (ümbermaailmareis). o Holland - Abel Tasman (Tasmaania, Uus-Meremaa), Willem Barents (Teravmäed). o Hispaania - Vasco Nunez de Balboa (Ameerikas esimene euroopa linn), Juan Ponce de Leon(ekspeditsioon Floridasse 93. Atlaste tootmise ajalugu 94. Saksa kartograafia 15. saj. lõpul, 16. saj alguses 95. Topograafilise kaardistamise ajalugu Sai alguse u 5. aastatuhandel eKr. Mastikujoonised ja geograafilised pildid on savitahvlitel säilinud. On leitud seinajooniseid Türgist, Catal Hyüki linna plaanilt. 8
INDIAN FI Tasman ~I · Highest Point: Mt. Wilhelm, 120 E 0 OCEAN Sea ffi l
Veneetslane seilab laeva Matthew pardal Bristolist Newfoundlandi 1496-1499 -Fernao de Magalhaes ja esimene ümbermaailmareis Maadeuurija purjetab ümber Ameerika lõunatipu 1519-1522 -Jacques Cartier andis Kanada Prantsusmaale Esimene eurooplane, kes jõudis St.Lawrence`i jõele 1534-1541 -Francis Drake ja Kuldhirve reis Esimene inglane ,kes tegi ümbermaailmareisi 1577-1580 -Mayfloweri ajalooline reis Isad palverändurid asutavad Põhja-Ameerika esimese eduka asunduse 1620 -Abel Tasman avastab Tasmaania Hollandlaste uurimisreisid Vaikse ookeani lõunaosas 1642-1643 -Kapten Cooki epohhiloovad reisid Uus-Meremaa ja Austraalia idaranniku kaardistamine,Hawaii 1768-1779 -Charles Darvini reis laeval Beagle Ekspeditsioon , mis evolutsiooniteooria loomisele 1831 -Scott, Amunsen ja Shackelton reisivad maailma otsa Legendaarsete polaaruurijate ekspeditsioonid 1840-1916 Kuulsad maadeavastajad: Roald Amundsen
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