Composers: Meelika Koitjärv EABM03 000502 Sandra Oisalu EABM03 000484 Tallinn 2004 2 PREFACE The Board of Directors of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is pleased to release the 2002 Sustainability Reporting Guidelines. From an institutional perspective, it marks the beginning of the cycle of release, testing, review, and revision under GRIs new governance structure. The GRI was launched in 1997 as a joint initiative of the U.S. non-governmental organisation Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES) and United Nations Environment Programme with the goal of enhancing the quality, rigor, and utility of sustainability reporting.
considered at the promotion of economic growth and improvement of social security. Social agreements concerning the setting of development priorities, purposeful and long-term changes in resource exploitation, investments, implementation of new technologies, increase of public awareness, and changing of consumption patterns are prerequisite for the development of a secure and future-oriented state. Vocabulary Natural environment looduskeskkond Sustainability jätkusuutlikkus Global climate change globaalsed kliimamuutused Ozone depletion osoonikihi hõrenemine Resource depletion ressursside vähenemine Biodiversity / biological diversity bioloogiline mitmekesisus Waste jäätmed Soil erosion pinnase erosioon Vegetation taimestik Revolve pöörlema, keerlema Exclusively ainult, üksnes Transcend ületama, piirest väljuma, maailmast sõltumatu olema Boundary piirjoon, piir Restrict - piirama
Margit Tepner k0848752 Sustainability aspects of biofuels 1. Introduction The literature review will discuss the sustainability aspects of biofuels. Food production will be the main concern as it is the most debated issue, but other aspects, such as land use change and water consumption will be also considered as they are essential aspects in the biofuels sustainability criteria. The review will discuss the viability of biofuels based on the current technologies. Second-generation biofuels are not yet commercially viable and therefore will not be discussed; although they could significantly improve the sustainability of biofuels when they break through to the industrial scale. 2. The scale of biofuels production 2.1. Drivers of biofuels production Lal (2010) stated that "three inter-connected challenges face humankind in the 21st century":
Visions of a sustainable world Creating a shared vision of a sustainable and desirable future is the most critical task facing humanity today. This vision must be of a world that we all want, a world that provides permanent prosperity within the Earth’s biophysical constraints in a fair. At the centre of the idea of sustainability is an ethical imperative to pass on a undiminished future to our children. To bring our world toward sustainability — or any other goal — we need to take different kinds of steps, which require different kinds of knowledge, talent, skill, and work. Future will be sustainable when citizens are concerned enough about the environment that they want to make a difference. It will happen when diverse groups from industry, environment, schools, service clubs, business, governments & the public come together and work towards a common
Sustainable forest management Author: nimi Book by: Klaus von Gadow, Timo Pukkala, Margarida Tomé Sustainable forest management Topics · Scope of sustainability · Scope of development · A new perspective at sustainability Scope of sustainability · If we extinct some biological species, we can't recreate it. · If we substitute some spicies, what will be the consequenses. Author: Xvazquez Scope of sustainability · Renewable resources Source: Thegreatergreen (2011) Scope of history · Trees carry information from centuries. By: Jaymi Heimbuch Scope of developmement · GMO genetically modified organism
Adventure Tourism Project Management Madli Tuvike There is no such thing as a totally sustainable tourism (Swarbrooke, 1999). Tourism as one of the leading industries in the world is contributing to sustainable development (Mintel, 2005). Tourism needs to cope with changing world and world order, also trends that are occurring. Sustainable tourism is one rising industry in tourism market. Swarbroke (1999) and David (2011) are suggesting that sustainable tourism and sustainability is taking wider part in tourism industry. Moreover, Mintel (2005) states that tourism contribution to sustainable development is being recognised increasingly by governments and international organisations. In addition, United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO, a.i.) states that tourism nowadays takes full responsibility of impacts that it is making, such as current and future economic, social and environmental
Meetmeid, et me nagu ühiskond võtame ette praegu selleks, et rahuldada oma vajadusi ja soove peaks sõltuma mitte ainult sellest, millised need meetmed teevad meie jaoks, vaid ka kuidas need mõjutavad meie järeltulijad. This consideration of the longterm impacts on future generations of actions taken now is the essence of sustainable development. Seda arvesse pikaajalise mõju tulevaste põlvkondade võetud meetmed on praegu sisuliselt säästvat arengut. While the word `sustainability' can mean different things to different people, it always includes a consideration of the welfare of those living in the future. Kuigi sõna "jätkusuutlikkus" võib tähendada erinevaid asju erinevatele inimestele, see alati kaalub heaolu tulevikus elavatele inimestele. While the debate over a more precise definition of sustainability will continue, and questions over just what it is that should be sustained may remain unanswered, this should not delay progress toward achieving more
SOLAR PANEL TTÜ 2016 WHAT IS SOLAR PANEL? • Panel which work by solar energy HISTORY • 1954 • Giacomo Luigi Ciamician • Company «Bell Labaratories» HOW DOES SOLAR PANEL WORK? PRODUCTS POWERED BY SUNLIGHT SATELLITE POWERED BY SOLAR ENERGY ADVANTAGES&DISADVANTAGES • Ecofriendly • Sustainability • Extensive range of applications • Cost • The need for cleaning • Weather
Green Energy Program paid for and brought to by -Anja Bananja -Franz the Manz - And Just Chadrick Overview- What is Green Energy? Different Types? What is sustainability? German Green Energy Cost and Efficiency Recycling What is Green Energy? -It is energy resources that are renewable -Can be naturally replenished -Clean, Safe and not harmful to the environment (aka mother earth) Types of Green Energy Green Energy going cute Solar Power · Is produced by using photovoltaic cells, which capture sunlight and turns that into energy. Problems ? -The sun has got to shine
Töö sai tehtud meeskonnatööna, kus ei ilmnenud mingisuguseid probleeme ja töö eesmärk täideti. 13 VIIDATUD ALLIKAD 1. Eesti Maaturism. 2012. Kvaliteedimärgised [http://www.maaturism.ee/index.php? id=ehe-ee] 09.12.2012 2. Eesti riiklik turismiarengukava 2007-2013. Riigi Teataja I osa, 2006, nr 53, art 400. [https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/12755212] 09.12.2012 3. Ekins, P. 1999. Economic Growth Human Welfare and Enviromental Sustainability: The Prospects for Green Growth. London. Routledge. [http://site.ebrary.com.ezproxy.utlib.ee/lib/tartu/docDetail.action? docID=10054192&p00=environmental+sustainability] 09.12.2012 4. Gale, T., Hill, J. 2009. Ecotourism and Environmental Sustainability. The Context of Ecotourism and Enviromental Sustainability. Suurbritannia. Ashgate Publishing Group, pp. 5-27 [http://site.ebrary.com.ezproxy.utlib.ee/lib/tartu/docDetail.action?
mandatory Census of Population and Housing. They questioned 500 people aged 1574 all over Estonia. 83% of Estonian's are aware of the upcoming Population and Housing Census and 95% consider the Census essential for Estonia. People consider the most important thing to be found out the real population number of Estonia (70% of people questioned) and the data collection about living conditions (37%). This shows people's interest and concern about the sustainability of Estonia. The electronic Population and Housing Census will take place during the first month of the Census and 2/3 of the people questioned are planning to use the opportunity to answer the questionnaires electronically. Most of them are people under the age of 54, as the majority of people from 54- 77 expect a visit from the enumerator. This demonstrates that the older generation doesn't feel as comfortable using a computer. In conclusion, people's awareness of the Census is high and
• Renewable energy sources - wind turbines, solar panels, or bio-gas created from sewage. • Methods to reduce air conditioning - planting trees and lightening surface colors, etc Practical Achievement • Transportation planning- Improved public transport and an increase in pedestrianization to reduce car emissions • Green roofs Conclusion Sustainable cities are the way of the future, perhaps the distant future, but it is clear there are aspects of sustainability that many developed countries are exploring and incorporating. Our focus instead was on the highlighting some positives. The purpose of sustainable city planning optimizing the effectiveness of a community's land use and infrastructure and to provide our children and generations to come, with a future. Thank you for your attention!
jätkusuutlikkus sustainability vahetuv ümbruskond immediate surroundings põhi mugavused - basic amenities piirama confines biosfäär biosphere hoidma sustain ülekaalus olev prevailing haritav arable vesi/vee - aquatic tarbimine consumption ühendama incorporates jäätme käitlus waste assimilation tööriist tool ökosüsteem ecosystem rikkuma exceed taastada regenerate säilitama maintain liialdama overshoot alahindama underestimate piisavalt adequately nõuded requirements näitama indicate kogus/hulk volume vastupandamatu compelling kokkupõrge/mõju impact gobaalne soojenemine global warming kliimamuutused climate hange kasvuhooneefekt the green house effect osooniaugud the hole in the ozone layer happevihm acid rain metsaraie deforestation rahavastikukadu depopulation reostus pollution sudu smog biolagunev biodegradable looduskaitse conservation prügimägi dumping ground keksk...
plastic · Massive skyscrapers, roof-top aerodromes, wide pedestrian boulevards, metal roadways, urban space launch pads, noise regulations. · Cities must change radically to achieve long-term sustainability. · Energy, food and water sources, transportation systems and basic infrastructure, must all adapt to emerging pressures from climate change, dwindling resources and growing urban populations. · 70 million people a year migrate from the country to cities. That is about 130 a minute, that means very massive globalization. · At this rate, our future cities may turn out to be quasi-temporary, missing the basics of human life, such as water and electricity, still
toidu nõudlust. KASUTATUD KIRJANUDS 1. Ash, Robert 2012. Feeding Billions: Food Security in China. [WWW] http://www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/Digital-Library/ISN Insights/Detail? lng=en&id=128073&contextid734=128073&contextid735=127105&tabid=1450 691584 2. Liu, Y.S; Wang, J.Y; Long, H.L 2009. Analysis of arable land loss and its impact on rural sustainability in Southern Jiangsu Province of China.- Journal of Environmental Management 91, 646-653. 3. OECD.2010. Trends in Urbanisation and Urban Policies in OECD Countries: What Lessons forChina? 4. Shangguang, Yang; Wang, Mark; Wang , Chunlan 2012. Revisiting and Rethinking Regional Urbanization in Changjiang River Delta, China.- Journal of Applied Sciences 22, 5, 617- 625. 5. Su, Shiliang; Jiang Zhelan; Zang, Qi; Zhang, Yuan 2011. Transformation of agricultural
able to reenter to the Paliament with 6 deputies from 101 seats. Though greens were invited to the governmet formation talks by winner Reform party and government program includes significant portion of greens programmatic goals, EG was left out from threeparty coalition Main issues addressed by EG are energy efficiency, new environmentally sound technologies and democratic decisionmaking process as well ensuring sustainability of the society. Green Party faction Chairman: Valdur Lahtvee Vicechairman: Marek Strandberg Members: Mart Jüssi, Aleksei Lotman, Maret Merisaar, Toomas Trapido Officials: Sven Harjo, Koidu Kook, AnnePille Krigolson Green Party Members Name: Marek Strandberg Name: Committee:Economic Affairs Committee, Security Authorities Surveillance Select Comm Electoral district:Harju (v.a Tallinn) ja Raplamaa
SÕNARAAMAT semi-detached house ridaelamu severe tõsine sidewalk (Ar) kõnnitee solid wall kandev sein standard solutions standartsed lahendused suburb eeslinn suburban housing eslinna tüüpi hoonestus sustainability jätkusuutlikus T terraced bungalow pikas rivis madalad majad terraced house korterelamu the type of housing available in the area piirkonnas esinevad majatüübid Three story terraced house kolme kordsed reas majad W
Yet, power, greed and politics have affected the precarious balance. Why Is Biodiversity Important? Who Cares? · Why is Biodiversity important? Does it really matter if there aren't so many species? · Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how small, all have an important role to play. · For example, a larger number of plant species means a greater variety of crops; greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all life forms; and healthy ecosystems can better withstand and recover from a variety of disasters. · And so, while we dominate this planet, we still need to preserve the diversity in wildlife. Loss of Biodiversity and Extinctions · It is feared that human activity is causing massive extinctions. From various animal species, forests and the ecosystems that forests support, marine life. · The costs associated with deteriorating or vanishing ecosystems will be high.
THE ECONOMICS OF FARE TRADE RALUCA DRAHUSANU DANIELE GIOVANNUCCI NATHAN NUNN Summarised by: Tartu 2015 Outline What is fare trade? What fare trade aims to do. Requirements for certification Does fare trade work? What is fair trade? · Social movement whose stated goal is to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions and to promote sustainability · Label informs consumers that the product was produced in a socially and environmentally responsible manner Fair trade aims to: · Improve the living conditions of producers in developing nations · Attempts to achieve higher prices for producers · Greater availability of financing for producers · Longer-term and more sustainable buyer-seller relationships · The creation and/or maintainance of effective producer or worker organizations
Reflektsioon: Strategic Management and Business Policy: Globalization, Innovation and Sustainability, Global Edition Book Lugesin ja analüüsisin läbi käesoleva raamatu 11 esimest peatükki. Peatükid keskendusid strateegilisele juhtimismudelile läbi mille töötati läbi strateegilise auditi loomine. Igas peatükis käsitleti ka keskkonnasäästlikkust seostuvalt peatükiga. Raamatus kirjeldati strateegilise juhtimise põhikontseptsioone. Loetu aitas mõista strateegilise juhtimise kasusid ettevõttele
Selle tagajärjel on lagunenud ka maapinnakihid, mis eelnevalt kaitsesid põhjavett reostuse eest ning seetõttu muutub piirkonna põhjavee kvaliteet ajaga aina haavatavaks. Lisaks reostab põhjavett ka halvasti paigutatud tulvavee äravoolusüsteem, kust kõrgvee perioodil lekib reostunud vett põhjavette. Leevendamaks veega seotud probleeme Mexico Citys ja mujal Mehhikos, on algatatud kaks rahvuslikku programmi (Herrera, 2009): ● Jätkusuutliku veekasutuse programm (Water sustainability program), millega nähakse ette 14 m3s vee importimist riigi teistest piirkondadest Mexico Citysse. Lisaks ehitatakse programmi raames riigi territooriumile kuus suurt reoveepuhastusjaama. Sellise tegevuskavaga loodetakse tagada joogikõlbliku veega varustatus aina kasvavale Mexico City rahvastikule ning vähendada põhjavee taseme aastast langust u. 10%. ● Roheline plaan (Green plan). Tegemist on 15 aasta pikkuse plaaniga, mille eesmärk on
(või ka takistuseks) teiste eesmärkide saavutamisel. Kasutatud allikad: http://www.tlu.ee/? LangID=1&CatID=0&action=searchCloser&SearchType=Arts&SearchString=j %C3%A4tkusuutlik+areng http://samsaara.info/forum?func=showcat&catid=10 http://samsaara.info/forum http://gfbn.com/pages/gdansk-videos http://www.gfbn.com/pages/innovators-who-is http://infutik.mtk.ut.ee/www/kodu/RePEc/mtk/febpdf/febook22-01.pdf http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4tkusuutlik_areng http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainability http://ideas.repec.org/b/mtk/febook/22.html http://www.stat.ee/naidikulaud http://mt.legaltext.ee/esterm/concept.asp?conceptID=14840&term=j%E4tkusuutlik%20areng http://www.norden.ee/et/ettevotmised/pohjala-foorum/pf-2006/61-jaetkusuutlik-areng-pohja- ja-baltimaades.html http://www.balticyachting.com/index.php? option=com_content&task=view&id=88&Itemid=75&lang=et http://www.google.ee/search?q=sustainability&ie=utf-8&oe=utf- 8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:et:official&client=firefox-a http://www.seit
earnings Keskkond – Environmental quality Valitsemine ja kodanikkond – Civic engagement and governance Subjektiivne heaolu Subjective – well-being Heaolu kindlustab neli ressurssi Sustainability – requires four types :of capital LoodusvaraNatural – capital Majanduslik capital Economic – capital Inimkapital Human – capital Sotsiaalne kapital Social – capital
http://loodusaed.kirikiri.ee/spip.php?article17 •Nahkhiirtele sobivad varjepaigad. Nahkhiir ja inimene Tehiselupaigad Kui soovime luua nahkhiirtele juurde sobilikke elupaiku •Nahkhiirtele võib ehitada varjepaiku maja seinadesse ja katusesse. •Siin on mõned näited... http://www.habibat.co.uk/ http://www.ibstock.com/sustainability-ecozone.asp www.schwegler-natur.de/ Nahkhiir ja inimene Tehiselupaigad Kui soovid luua nahkhiirtele sobilikke elupaiku juurde •Võid ehitada ka ise nahkhiirekasti •Nahkhiirekasti võib kinnitada nii majale kui ka sobivatele puudele. •Näiteks ... http://nahkhiired.blogspot.com/p/kuidas-ehitada- varjekasti
lootust päästa uppuvat laeva.
8 "Climate Change 2007: Working Group I: The Physical Science Basis", Intergovernmental panel on climate
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b. and keep their interest 14. Tagasilöök - A backlash - a strong reaction against s.th. 15. Hüüdnime andma - To dub - to give an ´unofficial` name 16. Kuni - Through(US) until(GB) 17. Lihtrahvas - Grass roots - at the level of ordinary people 18. Bioloogiline mitmekesisus - Biodiversity - many different plants and animals existing in one area 19. Ressursi väljavõtmine - Resource extraction - taking natural products from the earth 20. Vastupidavus - Sustainability - when you can do s.th. for a long period your sustainable 21. Toote kirjeldus - Product description - a spoken or written account of a person, object, or event 22. Kataloog Catalogue - a booklet with details and often pictures for sale 23. Võimu andma Empower - to give more power/ authority 24. Pühendumus Commitment - to give a strong support to s.th. 25. Ebatäiuslik - Imperfect s.th. has faults or flaws 26
November 1998 and led to the largest ever petition (four million signatures) being delivered to the European Commission in 1996. In 1997, The Body Shop was the first international cosmetics company to sign up to the Humane Cosmetics Standard supported by leading international animal protection groups. In 1995 and 1997 The Body Shop Values Reports were recognised as trailblazing by United Nations Environmental Programme and SustainAbility and ranked highest in their review of International Corporate Environmental Reports. In 1997, The Body Shop celebrated its 21st birthday with the launch of a new flagship store design, winning the prestigious Retail Week Store Design of the Year Award. To celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1998, The Body Shop launched a joint worldwide campaign with Amnesty International to highlight the plight of human rights defenders around the world,
atmosphere. Some companies in the palm oil supply chain have begun to commit to the new standards. The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) was created in 2004 following concerns raised by non-governmental organizations about environmental impacts related to palm oil production. Sustainable palm oil is an approach to oil palm agriculture that aims to produce palm oil without causing deforestation or harming people. RSPO is currently the largest sustainability-focused organisation within the palm oil sector, however its standards do not ban deforestation or destruction of peatlands for the development of oil palm plantations. Unlike many of the things we consume, which can have indirect ecological consequences, palm oil’s effects are direct. To stop the destruction we need to slow demand, in large part by making consumers aware of the clear link between the seemingly innocuous
rahvusvahelisel tasemel koos teiste riikidega, näiteks järgides ÜRO arengukava „Agenda 21“. 13 VIIDATUD ALLIKAD Agenda 21. United Nations Sustainable Development. http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/Agenda21.pdf (06.12.2014) About the CSD. http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.php?menu=1211 (08.12.2014) Bulkeley, H., Jordan, A., Perkins, R., Selin, H. (2013). Governing sustainability: Rio+20 and the road beyond. - Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, vol. 31, pp. 958 – 970 Byrch, C., Kearins, K., Milne, M.J., Morgan, R.K. (2009). Sustainable Development: What does it really mean? - University of Auckland Business Review, vol.11, iss. 1, pp 1-7. Earth Summit 2012. http://www.earthsummit2012.org/about-us/about-rio (07.12.2014) Eesti säästva arengu riiklik strateegia Säästev Eesti 21. (2005). Eesti Keskkonnaministeerium
AND TESTING LOCAL COMMUNITY IS MOTIVATED PARTICIPATIVE AND BENEFITTING FROM THE BIOENERGY PRODUCTION – LOCAL COMMUNITY = LOCAL PEOPLE, NGO-s LOCAL BUSINESS AND LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT FOR REAL CASE STUDY THE SELECTION OF LOCAL COMMUNITY IS THE KEY • IDENTIFY THOSE LOCAL COMMUNITIES, WHICH ARE INTERESTED ON BIOENERGY PRODUCTION – IMPLEMENT SURVEY • AGREE THE SELECTION CRITERIA WITH COMMUNITIES – PRE-FEASIBILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY IMPACT STUDIES • SELECTION OF BIOENERGY PILOT COMMUNITY – NAME IT ÄÄSMÄE AS CASE PRINCIPLES OF BIOENERGY VILLAGE ÄÄSMÄE • Ääsmäe ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION IS ONE SUSTAINABLE WHOLE COMPLEX – CO-GENERTION OF ELECTRICITY AND HEAT • FLEXIBLE AND ADAPTIVE SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING BIOEENRGY FROM AGRICULTURE, NATURE PROTECTION AREAS, FORESTS AND THEIR RESIDUES • FROM SURRAOUNDING ENVIRONMENT (15-30 km) INFO KOGUMINE
Leian, et maastik meie elus on tähtis olnud läbi aegade, see on meie koduks, töökeskkonnaks ja paljudeks teisteks keskkondadeks. KASUTATUD KIRJANDUS • Bergerona, J., Paquetteb, S., Poullaouec-Gonidecb, P. (2014). Uncovering landscape values and micro-geographies of meanings with the go-along method.- Landscape and Urban Planning. Väljaanne nr. 122. lk 108-121 • Bruni, D. (2016). Landscape Quality and Sustainability Indicators.- Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia. Väljaanne nr. 8. lk 698-705 • Cormont, A. (2016). Landscape complexity and farmland biodiversity: Evaluating the CAP target on natural elements.- Journal for Nature Conservation. Väljaanne nr. 30. lk 19-26 • Kokovkin, T. (2001). Viis mõtet maastikust. – Maastik: loodus ja kultuur. Maastiku käsitlusi Eestis. /Toim. H. Palang, H. Sooväli. Tartu Ülikooli geograafia instituut väljaanne nr 91
Kasutatud kirjandus: 1. [WWW] http://entsyklopeedia.ee/artikkel/linnastumine1 2. [WWW] http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/ 3. [WWW] http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital- Library/Publications/Detail/?id=116218&lng=en 4. OECD.2010. Trends in Urbanisation and Urban Policies in OECD Countries: What Lessons for China? 5. Liu, Y.S; Wang, J.Y; Long, H.L 2009. Analysis of arable land loss and its impact on rural sustainability in Southern Jiangsu Province of China.- Journal of Environmental Management 91, 646-653. 6. Shangguang, Yang; Wang, Mark; Wang, Chunlan 2012. Revisiting and Rethinking Regional Urbanization in Changjiang River Delta, China.- Journal of Applied Sciences 22, 5, 617-625.
Põhiline laevatee on Hiinas Pärlijõe delta süsteem, mis on kasutusel nii inimtranspordiks kui ka kaubateena.Seda laevateed kasutab väga suur laevastuke võrk. Teine väga suur kauba-ja reisisadam asub Hong Kong-is, mis varustab tervet Hiinat Kasutatud materjal http://www.chinaorbit.com/travel/china-climate.html http://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/transportation/boat.htm http://www.uni-hamburg.de/Wiss/FB/15/Sustainability/WD_ZhouFNU67.pdf http://www.gacchina.com/China_Insight/China_Facts/China_Land___Mineral_Resources/chi na_land http://www.climate-charts.com/Charts/P/PC51777.png http://karavanserai.bluemoon.ee/Aasia/hiina.htm http://www.vm.ee/est/kat_579/7348.html http://www.answers.com/China http://www.cnto.org/
.. Cite Save More [PDF] from i-r-i-e.net [PDF] Teachers as nightmare readers: Estonian high-school teachers' experi-ences and opinions about student-teacher interaction on Facebook M Murumaa-Mengel, A Siibak - The Digital Future of Education, 2014 - irie.net ... the USA where some school boards have gone even so far as to prohibit parents who are teachers from" friending" their own children who happen ... Paper presented at Internet research 11.0: Sustainability, Participation, Action (Gothenburg, Sweden ... LSE, London: EU Kids Online ... Cite Save More Being Publicly Private: Extreme Nationalist User Practices on Social Networks A Siibak - Security in Cyberspace: Targeting Nations, …, 2014 - books.google.com ... secure the existence of our people and a future for white children', http://archive. ... Herzog, S.(2011),'Revisiting the Estonian cyber attacks: digital threats and multinational responses', Journal ..
hindavad nende käsitööd. Tallinn 2018 3 Kasutatud allikad Anderson, L. F., Littrell, M. A. (1996). Group profiles of women as tourists and purchasers of souvenirs.-- Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, Vol. 25, No. 1, 28-56. Gordon, B. (1986). The souvenir: messenger of the extraordinary. -- Journal of Popular Culture, Vol. 2, No. 3, 135-146. Kozak, M., Kozak, N. (2011). Sustainability of tourism : cultural and environmental perspectives. UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Paraskevaidis, P., Andriotis, K. (2015). Values of souvenirs as commodities. -- Tourism Management Vol. 48, 1-10. Timothy, D. J. (2005). Shopping tourism, retailing, and leisure. Clevedon: Channel View Publications. Wilkins, H. (2011). Souvenirs: What and Why We Buy. -- Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 30, No. 3, 239-247. Tallinn 2018
Inimene tahab saada uusi elamusi, mida ta pole varem näinud või proovinud. Massiturism jääb suurimaks turismiliigiks ka edaspidiselt, ainuke asi mis muutub on sihtkohad, kuhu inimesed reisivad. Kui mõned kohad on juba igavaks ja tavaliseks muutunud, siis võimalusi reisimiseks on palju ning kerkib ka palju uusi, moodsamaid reisimiskohti. Kasutatud allikad: Bernini, C., Urbinati, E. ja Vici, L. (2015). Visitor Expectations and Perceptions of Sustainability in a Mass Tourism Destination. University of Bologna. Claver-Cortés, E., Molina-Azori, J. F., Pereira-Moliner, J. (2007). Competitiveness in mass tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 34 No. 3 pp. 727-745. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2007.03.010 Environmental impacts of tourism. (i.a). Kasutatud 20.11.2018, https://www.gdrc.org/uem/eco- tour/envi/one.html Erkus-Öztürk, H., Terhorst, P. (2016). Innovative restaurants in a mass-tourism city: Evidence from Antalya. Tourism Management, Vol
and a personal responsibility, and it is a part of our culture and values. Quality in management is vital for leveraging innovations globally and improving productivity in general. Our approach to this is platform thinking, process management and combining fact-based management with values-based leadership." (Quote from Nokia's homepage) ANALYSIS Nokia is a world leader in mobile communications, driving the growth and sustainability of the broader mobility industry. Nokia connects people to each other and the information that matters to them with easy-to-use and innovative products like mobile phones, devices and solutions for imaging, games, media and businesses. Nokia provides equipment, solutions and services for network operators and corporations. I aim to find what gives Nokia an advantage to other businesses and how is it that a small firm which
Brainstorming Expert opinion Industry scenario Delphy technique Statistical modelling Prediction markets Cross impact analysis RECOURCE-BASED VIEW: Concerned with identifying and developing an organizations resources and competencies: Struktuur Kultuur Ressursid KRIITILISED RESSURSID (EDUTEGURID): VIRO framework (Barney) o Value o Imitability o Rare o Organization Determining the sustainability of an advantage: Durability the rate at which a firm's underlying resources, capabilities or core competencies depreciate or become obsolete Imitability the rate at which a firm's underlying resources, capabilities or core competencies can be duplicated by others. Transparency the speed at which other firms under the relationship of resources and capabilities support successful strategy
(elutingimustes). Brundtlandi komisjon toob välja 4 aspekti:1) rahuldada kõikide olendite (living beings) põhivajadusi ja tagada neile mõistlik heaolustandard (Development) 2) saavutada õiglasem (equitable) elustandard nii inimpopulatsiooni sees kui populatsioonide vahel (globaalselt) (Development) 3) suhtuda suure ettevaatusega tegelikku või potentsiaalsesse bioloogilise mitmekesisuse vähenemisse ja looduse isetaastumisvõime kahjustumisse nii lokaalselt kui globaalselt (Sustainability) 4) areng ei tohi kahjustada tulevaste põlvkondade elustandardit ja tarbimist praegusel või paremal tasemel 51. Kuidas defineeris Brundtlandi komisjon säästvat arengut? Kõige laialdasemalt kasutatav definitsioon on pärit Brundtlandi raportist: ,,sustainable development" on areng, mis tagab kompromisse tegemata praegu elavate põlvkondade vajadused ning võimaluse kindlustada ka tulevaste põlvkondade vajaduse". 52
elluviimiseks Eestis" algas 1997 ja lõppes 2001. a veebruaris. Koostööprojekti raames loodi säästva arengu andmebaas interneti aadressil http://www.agenda21.ee, anti välja "Säästva arengu sõnaseletusi" ja "Kohalik Agenda 21", toetati Eesti Säästva Metsanduse töörühma, tehti analüüse, konverentse, erakondade debatte, meedia rolli ümarlaudu. Anti välja kogumik "Eesti 21. sajandil. Arengustrateegiad, visioonid, valikud". 6. Ingl k "Genuine saving as sustainability indicator". 7. Ingl k Environmental Space. 8. Ingl k Ecological Footprint. 9. Ingl k Net Primary Production. 10. Ingl k Carrying Capacity. 11. Lühidalt iseloomustab ökoloogiline jalajälg inimese survet keskkonnale, mida arvestatakse arvestuslikes pinnaühikutes inimese kohta. ÖJ mõõdab toidu, toodete ja energia tarbimist antud territooriumil võrrelduna bioloogiliselt produktiivse maa või mere pindalaga ehk
friendliness, ecovillages Säilitamise koht: TLÜ Kasvatusteaduste Instituudi raamatutuba Töö autor: Kadri Allikmäe Allikiri: Kaitsmisele lubatud: Juhendaja: PhD, dots. Kristina Nugin Allikiri: Institute Department Institute of Educational Sciences Department of Pre-School Education Töö pealkiri: Teaching the principles of community and sustainability for 6-7-year old children. A methodological material Field of Science: Educational Sciences Type of study: Month and year: Number of pages: 45 BA thesis May 2012 Appendixes: 7 References: 68 Abstract Global environmental problems have directed the focus of international organisations towards fostering sustainability in education
11 KASUTATUD KIRJANDUS 1. Altieri, M. A. (1999). The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems. – Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. Vol. 74, No. 1–3, pp. 19–31. 2. Benton, T.G., Vickery, J.A., Wilson, J.D. 2003. Farmland biodiversity: is habitat heterogeneity the key? Trends in Ecology & Evolution 18:182-188 3. Brussaard, L., de Ruiter, P. C., Brown, G. G. (2007). Soil biodiversity for agricultural sustainability. – Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. Vol 121, No. 3, pp. 233–244. 4. David W. Crowder Randa Jabbour. Biological Control. Relationships between biodiversity and biological control in agroecosystems: Current status and future challenges 75 köide, august 2014, lk 8-17. 5. Geiger, F. Bengtsson, J. Berendse, F., Weisser, W.W., Emmerson, M., Morales, M.B., jt. 2010. Persistent negative effects of pesticides on biodiversity and biological control potential on European farmland
461.Trailing- maadligi kasvav 462.Tranquil rahulik 463.Tree-puu 464.Trellis lattvõrestik 465.Trimming- pügamine, piiramine 466.Turf dominated landscapes muru küllased maastikud U 467.Unalterable muutumatu 468.Unceasing- lakkamatu, järjepidev 469.Undisturbed puutumata 470.Uneven topography ebaühtlane pinnamood 471.Upkeep- hooldus, ülalpidamine 472.Urban landscape linnahaljastus 473.Urban sustainability linna jätkusuutlikkus 474.Urban wilderness parks- immiteeritud metsik linnapark, looduslik linnapark 475.Urbanisation- linnastumine 476.Ushered- kohanäitaja, juhatama 477.Utility kasulikkus W 478.Vague terms ebamääraselt 479.Validated performance valideeritud tulemuslikkus 480.Valley- org 481.Walnuts- kreeka pähkel, pähklipuu 482.Variation- muutus, erinevus 483.Vary erinema, muutma 484.Waterfall- kosk, juga, kaskaad 485.Waterhole- veesilm 486
interregional co-operation European regional development fund To help reinforce economic and social cohesion by redressing regional inbalances - Objective convergence - Regional competitiveness and employment - Territorial cooperation European Social Fund Main financial instrument for supporting employment in the member states of EU - Improving human capital - Access to employment and sustainability - Increasing the adaptability of workers and firms - Imrpovind the social inclusion The Cohesion Fund - Member states with a gros national income less than 90% of the acerage receive a 69,5 billion for investment programmes Trans national territorial cooperation Baltic Sea programme
Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No 1803, 1997. 5. Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A. Zoido-Lobaton, P. "Governance Matters", World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No 2196, 1999. 6. K. Kerem. "Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth: The Estonian Case", BALT-ECON 2000, Canada, 2000. 7. Kerem, K., Püss, T., Randveer, M., Viies, M. Social Protection System in Estonia on the Threshold of Intgration into the Europen Union, Tallinn, 1998. 7. Papadopoulus, A. P., Sidiropoulus, M. G. "The Sustainability of Fiscal Policies in the European Union", International Advances in Economic Research, 1999, Vol.5 Issue 3, 1999. 8. Pirtillä, J. "Tax Evasion and Economies in Transition: Lessons from Tax Theory", BOFIT Discussion Papers, No 2, Helsinki, 1999. 9. Riigieelarve eelnõu, 1999. 10. Riigi Teataja, Nr. 97/98, 1997; Nr. 3, jaanuar 1999. 11. Riigi rahandus, 1997. Eesti Statistikaamet, Tallinn, 1997. 12. Talvik, M. "Majandusaasta 1999 lähivaates", Eesti Majanduse Teataja, No 2, 2000. 13
haldusele. Riigikogu Toimetised (9), lk 109-116. 10. Randma, T. (2001). A Small Civil Service in Transition: The Case of Estonia. Public Administration and Development (21), lk 41-51. 11. Reinsalu, S.; Tõniste, M. (2009). Uue avaliku teenistuse seaduse eelnõu lähtekohad. Avaliku teenistuse aastaraamat. Tallinn: Riigikantselei. 12. SIGMA (1999), European Principles for Public Administration. SIGMAPaper 27. Paris: OECD/SIGMA. 13. SIGMA (2009). Sustainability of Civil Service Reforms: Central and Eastern Europe Five Years after EU Accession. SIGMA Paper 44. Paris: OECD/SIGMA). 14. Vabariigi Valitsus. Riigireform. Arvutivõrgus: https://valitsus.ee/et/riigireform (01.01.2016). 12
Jätkusuutlik areng - niisugune arengutee, mis rahuldab praeguse põlvkonna vajadused ja püüdlused, seadmata ohtu tulevaste põlvkondade samasuguseid huve. Teisesõnaga tagab jätkusuutlik ehk säästev areng inimese elukvaliteedi paranemise kooskõlas keskkonna taluvusvõimega täna ja tulevikus. Jätkusuutlikkus - vajaduste rahuldamine ja ressursside kasutamine nii, et on võimalik elu ja tegevuse jätkumine ka tulevikus ingl sustainability , jätkusuutlik venek: , , ; , ; , . Kaugõpe - sessioonõpe - õppevorm, mis pakub võimalust omandada kõrgharidus või jätkata selle omandamist teatud kindlatel kuupäevadel sessioonide kaupa; tavaliselt käiakse töö kõrvalt õppimas. Keelekümblus - õppevorm, mida rakendatakse Eestis riikliku programmina eesti keele kui teise keele paremaks omandamiseks; kümblusklassides ja rühmades ületab eestikeelse õppe maht 50% õppe kogumahust; Canadas on 40 a kogemust.
kui sellisele, sest igal ajaloo perioodil on leidunud omamoodi äratajaid, kes siis on vastavalt aja vaimsusele, või muudele mõjudele toetudes püüdsid edasi arendada eestlaste rahvuskultuuri. Eriti tänuväärne on autori arvates asjaolu, et viimase paarikümne aasta jooksul on hakatud meie rahvuskultuuri tutvustama ka mujal maailmas. 5.1 Awakening the impact of our national culture Estonians have been a national culture through the centuries sustainability. This is in spite of various foreign invaders to destroy our iseteadvust throws at the grassroots level. However, despite the long dark era in our history, when the Estonians did not, as a distinct and recognized national, ethnic Estonians have preserved the legacy for generations. Until awakening, which began to actively capture the action in the cultural heritage of 15 Estonians, Estonians traditions were carried on by word of mouth
4. Conformance – vastavus showroomis näidatuga 5. Durability - kestvus 6. Serviceability – lihtne hooldada 7. Aesthetics – esteetika, kuidas product lõhnab, välja näeb jne 8. Perceived Quality – üldine maine Industry Structure and Competitive Strategy Fragmented industry- palju väikseid firmasid väiksel turul Consolidated industry – paar suuri firma dominantsus Hyper-competition and Competitive Advantage Sustainability Competitive Tactics Requerements for Generic Competitive Strategies Overall cost of leadership Differentaiton Focus Market location tactics where a company implements a strategy • Offensive tactics • Defensive tactics Cooperative Strategies * Collusion * Strategic alliances Used to: − Obtain or learn new capabilities − Obtain access to specific markets − Reduce financial risk − Reduce political risk Corporate Strategy
budget surpluses into deficits. In addition to marginal growth prospects, general government finances will remain in deficit during the next few years. The great challenge of economic policy will be to mitigate a possible recession in 2012 in which measures supporting growth will be combined with general government adjustment measures. Longerterm, Finland must address a rapidly aging population and decreasing productivity that threaten competitiveness, fiscal sustainability, and economic growth (Central Intelligence Agency, 2012, ISSN 15538133). 2.2 Estonia 2.2.1 Background After centuries of Danish, Swedish, German, and Russian rule, Estonia attained independence in 1918. Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940 an action never recognized by the US it regained its freedom in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since the last Russian troops left in 1994, Estonia has been free to promote economic and political ties with the West. It joined
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