TheCodeBreakers
over in favor qf the old-fashioned commercial codes, which substantially
shortened messages, thereby cutting cable tolls, and which gave a
modicum of secrecy as well. The armed forces budgets had shrunk to
their peacetime tightness; crypto-logically, the physical difficulties forced
Army communi-
cators back onto the two-tape system, and the demonstrated
solvability of this threw the whole Vernam arrangement into temporary
limbo.
The Army revived it in a hurry as SIGTOT when World War II loomed,
but by then Vernam was well out of it. He had continued developmental
work at A. T. & T. for several years. He improved his own system,*
invented a device for enciphering handwriting during telautograph
transmission, and came up with one of the earliest forms of binary digital
encipherment of pictures—another precocious development. He was so
good that he was grabbed off at a substantial raise by International
annaabi.ee 
