–ee – lessee, employee, refugee, escapee, devotee, absentee –ist – Marxist, communist, idealist, economist, perfectionist, racist, Buddhist o To form words of feminine gender -en – vixen -ess – princess, actress, seamstress, goddess, lioness, wife of ambassadress, mayoress, -ine – heroine, o Diminuatives -y - nicknames shorty, Johnny, Mummy, doggy -ie – birdie, doggie or independent formations – bookie, movie -en – maiden, chicken (not productive) -ling – darling, sibling, gosling, duckling, -kin – napkin -ock – buttock, hillock, bullock -et – bullet, pallet, tablet, cigarette, kitchenette, balconette, suffragette, o To form abstract nouns