patriotic fervour, sought escape from grim conditions at home or wanted adventure. 5. Why did the children of immigrants rally to the flag? The children of immigrants rallied to the flag because it was proof of loyalty to their new country. 6. Was there anything to prevent the 14-year-olds and upwards from joining? There was nothing to prevent 14-year-olds and upwards from joining. 7. Why did the recruiting sergeants turn a blind eye even if it was obvious that the new recruit was under 19 years of age? They turned a blind eye because the Army was in desperate need of troops and the recruitment officers were paid a bounty for each new recruit. 8. Why did they not ask for a birth certificate? They didn’t ask for it because many people at the start of the 20th century didn’t have birth certificates. 9
celebration of a certain kind of man: domineering, supremely competent, and swaggeringly virile. A Farewell to Arms holds up several of its minor male characters as examples of fine manhood. Rinaldi is a faithful friend and an oversexed womanizer; Dr. Valentini exhibits a virility to rival Rinaldi's as well as a bold competence that makes him the best surgeon. Similarly, during the scene in which Henry fires his pistol at the fleeing engineering sergeants, Bonello takes charge of the situation by brutally shooting the fallen engineer in the head. The respect with which Hemingway sketches these men, even at their lowest points, is highlighted by the humor, if not contempt, with which he depicts their opposites. The success of each of these men depends, in part, on the failure of another: Rinaldi secures his sexual prowess by attacking the priest's lack of lust; Dr. Valentini's reputation as a surgeon is thrown into relief by the three
As they part, Catherine and Henry pledge their mutual devotion. Henry travels to the front, where Italian forces are losing ground and manpower daily. Soon after Henry's arrival, a bombardment begins. When word comes that German troops are breaking through the Italian lines, the Allied forces prepare to retreat. Henry leads his team of ambulance drivers into the great column of evacuating troops. The men pick up two engineering sergeants and two frightened young girls on their way. Henry and his drivers then decide to leave the column and take secondary roads, which they assume will be faster. When one of their vehicles bogs down in the mud, Henry orders the two engineers to help in the effort to free the vehicle. When they refuse, he shoots one of them. The drivers continue in the other trucks until they get stuck again. They send off the young girls and continue on foot toward Udine. As
T h e fairy godmother in stories such as "Cinderella" can be interpreted as the protecting spirit of the girl's dead mother. M e r l i n is a surrogate parent to the young King Arthur, whose father is dead. M a n y heroes seek out Mentors because their own parents are inadequate role models. DRAMATIC FUNCTIONS TEACHING Just as learning is an important function of the hero, teaching or training is a key function of the Mentor. Training sergeants, drill instructors, professors, trail bosses, parents, grandparents, crusty old boxing coaches, and all those who teach a hero the ropes, are manifesting this archetype. O f course the teaching can go both ways. Anyone who has taught knows that you learn as much from your students as they do from you. GIFT-GIVING Giving gifts is also an important function of this archetype. In V l a d i m i r Propp's
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