MARKET Market system is an interrelated set of markets for goods, services and inputs. A market is defined as the interaction of all potential buyers and sellers of a good or class of goods that are close substitutes. · The markets provide information to agents that may be used to identify and evaluate alternative choices that might be used to achieve objectives. · Each agent acting in a market has incentives to react to the information provided. · Given the information and incentives, agents within markets can adjust to changes. The process of market adjustment can be visualized as changes in demand and/or
Monopolistic Competition Market Power Firms in monopolistic competition or imperfectly competitive markets are more likely to have limited market power because there are many firms with differentiated products (there are substitutes) and there is relative ease of entry and exit into the market Market Power among Sellers · Monopolistic competition - a market with a large number of sellers and relatively free entry; each firm "differentiates" its product. · Oligopoly - a market characterized by significant barriers to entry and "a few "sellers who recognize their interdependence in the market; products may be homogeneous or differentiated. Monopolistic Competition · Large number of sellers · relative ease of exit / entry · products are differentiated actual differentiation
Monopoly Market Power In pure competition sellers are "price takers." No seller (or buyer) has the ability to influence the market price. In most markets, at least one or more of the conditions required for pure competition are violated. This gives sellers or buyers the ability to influence the market price and allocation of resources Pure competition results in an optimal allocation or resources given the objective of an economic system to allocate resources to their highest valued uses or to allocate relative scarce resource to maximize the satisfaction of (unlimited) wants in a cultural context. Pure competition is the ideal that is be benchmark to evaluate the performance markets. The economic theory of
be wise to start at bar first, since the clubs and discos in Kenya don’t get busy until around midnight and don’t close until the sun rises. Several clubs stage "cultural nites" which feature music, traditional foods and drinks from some of Kenya's main ethinic communities. An excellent opprtuinty to see Kenyans unplugged and hear the biggest local music acts. Shopping in Kenya is dominated by souvenir sellers. Handmade items may be purchased at market stalls, roadside stands, and from street peddlers. Be prepared for a strong sales pitch, offering bargain prices on handcrafts. Prices are initially determined based on what these sellers believe you will pay, but can generally be bargained down to a low price. I recommend it to people who like to explore something new and wild. There are many intresting places to go and see, foremost National Parks, where you can see animals with your own eye
UNIT 3-4 Retailing - Jaemüük the business of selling goods to the general public Retailers - Jaemüüjad sellers Shop store Pood - place, where you can buy things Outlets - Firma esinduspood a retail outlet Retail chains - Jaeketid - one company but many shops Shopping centres - Ostukeskused - malls Hypermarkets or superstores hüpermarketid vs supermarketid Retail Park - Ärikeskus - there is number of large stores Department store - Kaubamaja - large shop which sell a wide variety of products Assuming Eeldamine expecting Consumer Tarbija person who buys goods for their own use
Pärnu Hansa days Pärnu Hansa days take place every june and during four days. Reason for celebrating is, that people can go back in time, and do same things, as it was in the Middle Ages. Days before the festival, organisers have to register sellers, who are going to sell their Middle Ages products. Also, there is a lot of job with searching good musicians and entertainers. On the top of this, it takes lot of time to bring all stages and tables to the festival place. On the actual day, there are many people in the Middle Ages costume. There is a huge Middle Ages fair, and people can buy what ever they like. Participants can see many perfomances, take part of different games, and just have nice days with nice people.
The mass media is flooded with advertisements of every kind. One only has to flip through the pages of magazines or newspapers or sit through a television program to see the wide coverage that advertisements receive in terms of space and time. Companies fork out large amounts of money just to advertise their products or services. What, the, are the benefits of advertisements ? Advertisements offer a wide variety of options to both potential buyers and sellers. Through advertisements, employers can recruit workers. People who wish to put up their properties for sale can find buyers or vice versa. Although there are grouses about advertisements, the numerous benefits of advertisements remain undisputed. Advertisements are the lifeblood of many television and radio stations. Many companies build a reputation for their products through advertisements. Sometimes companies sponsor major sporting events and help in the development of sports in the country.
What kind of city is Tallinn? What is it famous for? Old own The old City, city of Hanseatic sellers, was not an administrative part of a city (the Cathedral Hill) till the end of a XIX-th century. It was the centre of medieval marketing that has provided him well- being. Now it is the most popular place among tourists with shops and big variety of restaurants. It was opened 22 july 1718 year.Kadriorg it is the largest park in Tallinn.Kadriorg`s founder was the Peter I. He named the park in honour of his wife Ekaterine I. Y ou can walk around this beautiful park and
slated to include an "Office Web" version accessible through a web browser. Whereas most cloud-based applications were run in public clouds, Microsoft promised to let companies install web apps on their own web servers, potentially improving privacy and security. Google's initiatives were a threat to eBay because of the first step in many e- commerce transactions. Customers shopping for a product could visit eBay's marketplace to find a qualified sellers, or they could find a vendor through Google. In fact many of Google's advertisers were also eBay sellers. eBay's PayPal services faced similar competition from Google Checkout. Both services should offer checkout services to third-party retailers. Yahoo!- Actively upgrading their search engines by allowing users to customize their searches by blocking certain sites and highlighting others and by creating their own home pages. eBay- feels threatened by Google's AdWords
The word "competition" may be used in two ways: rivalry (synonym; opposition, antagonism) structural competition or "pure competition" The main characteristics of competition: 1. Number of firms 2. Type of product 3. Control over price 4. Conditions of entry 5. Nonprice competition 6. Information flow Pure Competition · Involves very large numbers of sellers and buyers. · Firms producing identical or homogeneous products. · Standardized product (a product identical to that of other producers). (ex. corn or cucumbers). · Free Entry and Exit: no significant legal, technological, financial, or other obstacles prohibiting new firms from selling their output in any competitive market No control over the price: "Price Takers" ( the firms have no market power) .
Michael Jackson (August 29, 1958 June 25, 2009) Michael Joseph Jackson was an American singer-songwriter, dancer, actor, choreographer, published poet, businessman, philanthropist and record producer. Referred to as the King of Pop, he is recognized as the most successful entertainer of all time while also being regarded as one of the most influential. Michael Jackson was born on August 29, 1958, the eighth of ten children to an African American working-class family, in Gary, Indiana, an industrial suburb of Chicago. Jackson had a troubled relationship with his father, Joe. He stated that he was physically and emotionally abused. Jackson made his debut alongside his brothers in 1964 as lead singer and youngest member of The Jackson 5. His solo career started in 1971. He produced ten studio albums. The 1982 album Thriller was and remains the best-selling album of all t...
BUSINESS PLAN SECTION 5: LICENSES, PERMITS AND BUSINESS NAMES Due Diligence Procedures for Licenses, Permits and Business Names (Session 14): List the following: DBA: List the name you intend to do business as Zoning: Indicate if the zoning if appropriate for your intended office location Licenses: List the appropriate licenses you will need at the local, state, and federal level Local: State: Federal: Trademark: Indicate your trademark intentions if any exist Sellers Permit: List any sellers permits that you may need EIN: Indicate if you will obtain an employers identification number BUSINESS PLAN SECTION 6: INSURANCE Insurance Prepare a cash flow projection based on lowered expectations and show how and where you would reduce costs to maintain liquidity. BUSINESS PLAN SECTION 7: PREMISES Location Criteria Prepare a cash flow projection based on lowered expectations and show how and where you would reduce costs to maintain liquidity.
resources to satisfy relatively unlimited wants. To achieve this objective, inputs or resources must be allocated to those uses that have the greatest value. Consumers or buyers wish to maximize their utility or satisfaction given (or constrained by) · their incomes, · preferences, · the prices of the goods they may buy. The behavior of the buyers or consumers is expressed in the demand function. In a market setting, this is achieved by buyers (consumers) and sellers (producers) interacting. The producers and/or sellers have other objectives. Profits may be either an objective or constraint. As an objective, a producer may seek - to maximize profits or - minimize cost per unit As a constraint the agent may desire - to maximize "efficiency," - market share, - rate of growth or - some other objective constrained by some "acceptable level of profits.
I will be speaking today for 10 minutes about market and marketing. At first I am going to talk about meaning of market and I must define what is market in modern marketing context. The common usage of market means a place where goods are bought or sold. A market need not necessarily mean a place of exchange. The word market is commonly used and may even mean or aim in any of the following: Market may mean a place where buying and selling take place Buyers and sellers come together for transaction An organization through which exchange of goods takes place The act of buying and selling of goods (to satisfy human wants) An area of operation of commercial demand for commodities In addition, I have to define what is marketing. Marketing is a human activity to satisfy needs and wants, through an exchange process. A demand is a want for which consumer is prepared to pay a price. A want is anything or service the consumer desires or seek
BAKTERID JA HALLITUSSEENED Tallinn 2010 SISUKORD SISSEJUHATUS.................................................................................3 1. BAKTERID....................................................................................4 2. SALMONELLA...............................................................................4 3. BOTULISM....................................................................................5 4. CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS..........................................................7 5. STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS...........................................................7 6. ESCHERICIA COLI..........................................................................7 7. BACILLUS CEREUS.........................................................................8 8. HALLITUSSEENED.........................................................................8 9. ASPERGILLUS...........................................
as well 6. fully online It means you don't have any brick-and-mortar shops and everything is done in online. 7. clicks and mortar site shops that have both, a online shop and a pysical outlet 8. PayPal online payment CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT 1. CRM customer relationship management, is based on the idea of treating different customers diffrently 2. customer feedback loop - It is created by one-to-one organizations. It means that sellers try to communicate with clients very friendly and personally. 3. data mining it reveales patterns in customer behaviour 4. CRM technology - it supports a CRM strategy by gathering, storing and analysing customer data. 5. Watchdogs Customer protection group who are concerned about the gathering and storing of large quantities of customer information. 6. encrypt the information private data is encrypt to a secret code and the
are shipped, and "FOB destination" states that the seller retains the risk of loss until the goods reach the buyer) and container drops from the crane in the loading port, it is the risk for the seller. If cargo moves EXW (Ex works; This rule places minimum responsibility on the seller, who merely has to make the goods available, suitably packaged, at the specified place, usually the seller’s factory or depot), the loading of the container at sellers warehouse an obligation for the buyer. If cargo moves CIF (Cost, insurance and freight; The CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export) , the sea transport pays seller. If cargo moves FOB and goes over board during a storm, the risk bears buyer. The bill of lading (B/L) works as a receipt of freight services, a contract between a freight carrier and shipper and a document of title
amount of money On the other hand, if only paying by card, then if something happens to the terminals then you can not buy anything In conclusion, although it's much safer and easyer in a cashless world, it's not bulletproof and if something happens to the system, you can not pay for anything What can cause damage to a brand? A brand is a name/term/symbol or any other feature that helps to identify sellers goods or services and there are many things that can cause damage to that. First of all, the first thing that can cause damage to a brand is price promotions. Price promotions are discounts and promotions which can cheapen the brands image. Secondly, brand stretching can cause big damage on brands. It's using a successful brands name to sell other types of products. Thirdly, taking a brand downmarket. It's usually done to attract lower-income buyers with the cheaper product of a certain brand.
Table of contents Table of contents.........................................................................................................................1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................2 ................................................................................................................................................2 The climate of the United States of America..............................................................................7 The people of the United States of America...............................................................................8 Famous Americans......................................................................................................................9 Economy..............................................................
väheneb). Seda nimetatakse sissetulekuefektiks. 21.Asendusefekt. Kui mõne hüvist saab teise hüvisega asendada. Näiteks pitsa hind tõuseb siis tarbja ostab, odavamat hamburgerit, mis asendab tarbja jaoks tema vajaduse. 22.Sidruniturg 23.Moral hazard is a situation in which one party gets involved in a risky event knowing that it is protected against the risk and the other party will incur the cost 24.Negatiivne valim Adverse selection refers to a situation where sellers have information that buyers do not, or vice versa, about some aspect of product quality 25.Tootmistegur- Ettevõtete piiratud ressursse nimetatakse tootmisteguriteks ehk tootlikeks ressurssideks. Nendeks on maa, kapital ja töö. 26.Tootmisahel 27.Piirtootlikkus - Piirtootlikkus on täiendav toodang, mida saadakse, kui ressurssi kasutatakse ühe ühiku võrra rohkem (ceteris paribus). 28
Tartu Kivilinna Gümnaasium Liis Viljak 10b Bodyshop Company The Body Shop International plc is a global manufacturer and retailer of naturally inspired, ethically produced beauty and cosmetics products. Founded in the UK in 1976 by Dame Anita Roddick, we now have over 2,100 stores in 55 countries, with a range of over 1,200 products, all animal cruelty free, and many with fairly traded natural ingredients. We were the first international cosmetics brand to be awarded the Humane Cosmetics Standard for our Against Animal Testing policy. And we have our own fair trade programme called Community Trade, making us the only cosmetics company with such an extensive commitment to trading fairly. Community Trade now works with 31 suppliers in 24 countries, providing over 15,000 people across the globe with essential income to build their futures. The Body Shop is a leader in the trend towards greater corporate transp...
bookbinding. The people who worked in making books were called Warraqin or paper professionals. The Arabs made books lighter--sewn with silk and bound with leather covered paste boards, they had a flap that wrapped the book up when not in use. As paper was less reactive to humidity, the heavy boards were not needed. The production of books became a real industry and cities like Marrakech, Morocco, had a street named Kutubiyyin or book sellers which contained more than 100 bookshops in the 12th century; the famous Koutoubia Mosque is named so because of its location in this street. In the words of Don Baker: The world of Islam has produced some of the most beautiful books ever created. The need to write down the Revelations which the Prophet Muhammad, may peace be upon him, received, fostered the desire to beautify the object which conveyed these words and initiated this ancient craft
progress, to charity, to solve social problems. If you increase taxes on excess profits, then controlled by the movement of the prices of goods and services. With the growth of tax 18 revenues to the treasury will decrease as proportion of entrepreneurs go bankrupt, will take part in the informal economy, incentives to work will fade. The perfection of the tax system depends on the elasticity of demand and supply of goods or services. Sellers shift taxes on buyers when demand is inelastic. If the proposal is inelastic, then taxes are passed on to the vendors. When tax rates are reasonable, we know their purpose, their payment is usually not shy. There are three ways to increase tax revenue: the expansion of the circle of taxpayers, an increase in the number of objects from which the tax is raised, raising tax rates. Tax rates should be so high as to prevent inflation, but at the same time so low to stimulate capital
generate interest where none may have existed before. Concentrated instances of this approach often occur in movie advertising. In fact, I recently noticed that one theater owner, with remarkable singleness of purpose, had managed to invoke the scarcity principle three separate times in just five words of copy: "Exclusive, limited engagement ends soon!" A variant of the deadline tactic is much favored by some face-to-face, high- pressure sellers because it carries the ultimate decision deadline: right now. Cus- tomers are often told that unless they make an immediate decision to buy, they will have to purchase the item at a higher price later or they will be unable to purchase it at all. A prospective health-club member or automobile buyer might learn that the deal offered by the salesperson is good for that one time only; should the cus- tomer leave the premises, the deal is off. One large child-portrait photography
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