problem has been faced by more than a few authors all over the world. As already mentioned, possible approaches are presented in a chronological order so that the main improvements brought by researchers are time-streamed. 8 2. 2D IMAGING METHODS BASED ON THRESHOLDING The main idea of almost all the papers dealing with 2D imaging methods is to perform pills detection using image segmentation [1] i.e. the process of partitioning the original image into multiple segments including fabric background and pills. This process is usually, in its turn, aimed at determining parameters such as the number and the density of pills and/or the area occupied by the pills on the fabric surface. Once this task is performed, pilling grade is obtained as a parameter inferred from the number of pills, or by comparing the pilled fabric with a reference fabric (either with or without pills)
Allophones - are the actual pronunciations of phonemes in different environments. Complementary distribution phonetic units that never occur in the same environment are said to be in complementary distribution. For example, clear/l/ and dark/l/. NB! The sounds we produce and hear are continuous: we move our organs of speech continuously and produce a continuous signal still it is possible to divide speech into units, which is called segmentation. The sounds of languages can be produced by: pushing air out of the lungs through the vocal tract (pulmonic, egressive) sucking the air into the mouth (ingressive) NB! Without air we cannot produce sound. There are two classes of sounds: consonants vowels Consonants are produced with some restriction or closure in the vocal tract that impedes the flow of air from the lungs. Vowels are produced so that the airstream is relatively unobstructed. NB
9.survey research- a questionnaire where people are answering to some questions 10.behavioural data - information about what people actually buy and use ( it can be opposite to what they say they buy) 11.experimental research - carried out with the goal of verifying, falsifying, or establishing the validity of a hypothesis KNOWING YOUR CUSTOMERS II 1.A segment - a group of customers with similar characteristics, needs and requirements 2.behavioural segmentation - customer's segmentation which depends on when, why and how often they buy a particular product 3.demographic segmentation - customer's segmentation which depends on age, occupation and social class 4.actualisers - successful people who don't mind to spend their money on expensive things they want and like 5.strugglers - elderly people who are poorer and who have loyalty to familiar brands 6.experiencers - young people who spend a lot of money on their image( clothes, music etc.). they
*Company and consumer are independent because no matter how else the organisation runs itself cost-effecitively and sensibly, if the product is not selling well then the money simply will not be coming in. *Successful product management depend on the organisation knowing how and if the current product range meets consumer and organisational objectives. *One way if the current product range meets consumer and organisational objectives is to conduct detailed benefit analysis segmentation. *Differences between strategy and tactical activities are: strategy is long-term planning and tactical is short-term planning. *Product-market strategy represent a decision about the current and future direction of the organisation. *To minimise costs at the outset, a sound marketing approach will usually attempt to increase profits and cash flow from existing markets. *Heinz revamped its marketing strategy to increase consumption of its tinned soups.
eessuuste ja lülijalgsete vahel. 11 Kasutatud kirjandus Budd, G. E. 2002. A palaeontological solution to the arthropod head problem. 417. 271 275. [online] (http://www.nature.com.ezproxy.tlu.ee/nature/journal/v417/n6886/full/417271a.html) (07.03.2012) Eriksson, B. J., Budd, G. E., 2000. Onychophoran cephalic nerves and their bearing on our understanding of head segmentation and stem-group evolution of Arthropoda. 29, 3. 197- 209. [online] (http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.tlu.ee/science/article/pii/S146780390000027X) (07.03.2012) Eriksson, B. J., Tait, N. N., Budd, G. E., Akam, M. 2009. The involvement of engrailed and wingless during segmentation in the onychophoran Euperipatoides kanangrensis (Peripatopsidae: Onychophora) (Reid 1996). 219, 5. 249-264. [online] (http://www.springerlink.com.ezproxy.tlu.ee/content/2507804255q4124g/) (07.03.2012) Eriksson, B. J
INTERAKTIIVNE TURUNDUS Põhimõisted: ● Vahetus, tehing (exchange, transaction) Turundustegevusi ühendab vahetuskonseptsioon. Vahetuse tulemusel saadakse soovitud toode teiselt subjektilt hüvituse vastu. Sellist ostja ja müüja vahelist kokkulepet nimetatakse tehinguks. Eristatakse nelja vahetuse vormi: Turu vahetus Suhte vahetus Ümber jagav vahetus Vastastikune vahetus ● Turu vahetus (market exchange) Lühiajalise orientatsiooniga ja omakasust motiveeritud. Turu vahetus toimub sellele eelnenud ja sellele järgnevast vahetusest sõltumata. ● Suhte vahetus (relationship exchange) Pikaajaline orienteeritus. Areneb poolte vahel, kes on huvitatud pikaajalise, toetava suhte loomisest. ● Ümber jagav vahetus (redistribution) Eksisteerib poolte vahel, kes töötavad kollektiivse üksusena. Üksuse liikmed astuvad vahetusse, sest soovivad omavahel ressursse jagada. Maks...
McGregor X/Y theory X: people are lazy, will avoid responsibility, avoid work, they desire only money. Y: people need independency, responsibility, naturally want to work. Sociotechnique: optimal mix of economic and social goals (task extension, enrichment, circulation). Open system: not just technical and social system but also open system (influence by outside); adaptation to outer world, horizontal integration, segmentation (market is divided by groups of customs). Contingency approach: world inside and outside the orgnaisation is unstable; quality management, customer orientation, continuous improvement; there is no simple solution, benchmarking (goal to be the best company in area), urgency (act and react very quikly). What makes a leader? Followers! Transactional leadership: can be learned, linked to the position.
(2013) ,,Breaking New Paths: Theory and Method in Path Dependence Research" Schmalenbach Business Review, 65, 288-311. Kuuse, E. (2010) Arengukoostöö adressaatidest doonoriteks: mõjurid ja loogika Eesti, Läti, Leedu päästeametite näitel. Kättesaadav: http://www.terveilm.ee/leht/wp- content/uploads/2012/12/thesis_Kuuse.pdf, 23. oktoober 2013 Sarapuu, K. (2011) ,,Post-Communist Development of Administrative Structure in Estonia: From Fragmentation to Segmentation." Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 35(4), 54-73. Kättesaadav: http://rtsa.ro/en/files/TRAS-35E-SI-5- SARAPUU.pdf, 23. oktoober 2013 Peters, B. G. (2005) ,,Institutional theory in political science" Continuum, 25-46. Lowndes, V. (2002) ,,Institutionalism" Marsh, D., Stoker, G. (toim.) In Theory and Methods in Political Science. Palgrave Macmillan, 90-108.
Kevad 2009 Tallinna Polütehnikum 43 ATM võrgu kihid Convergence sublayer Rakenduse Rakenduse andmed andmed AAL AAL Koondamise alamkiht ATM kiht Segmenteerimise ja jaotuse alamkiht Füüsiline kiht Segmentation and reassembly sublayer Kevad 2009 Tallinna Polütehnikum 44 ATM võrgu kihid AAL kiht sisaldab mitmeid erinevaid protokolle, mis on kohandatud erinevate teenindusklasside (A, B, C, D) andmete töötlemiseks AAL kiht on jagatud kaheks alamkihiks: koondamise alamkiht (convergence sublayer) segmenteerimise ja jaotuse alamkiht (segmentation and reassembly sublayer) Kevad 2009 Tallinna Polütehnikum 45
Definitions: Phonology is the study that describes the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language. Phonetics is the general study of the charecteristics of speech sounds – studies how different speech sounds are produced. Phoneme is a meaning-distinguishing sound in a language. E.g. artistic-al-ly To know if a sound is a phoneme use the minimal contrasting pair method where the difference is only one sound: pin vs pen. Allophones are different variations of how a phoneme is pronounced according to the context. E.g. dark and clear l – clear and dull. Segmentation is the act of dividing speech sounds into units. E.g. segment- ation Larnyx (kõri) is the voice box. Glottis is the opening between the vocal cords. Manner of articulation is the way the airstream is blocked when producing a sound – blocked vs partially blocked; vibrating vs no vibration. Different sound types: Velar sounds are produced by the tongue b...
ÕPPEASUTUS Operatsioonisüsteemide teooria alused Rühma nr Nimi VIRTUAALMÄLU Referaat Juhendaja: Nimi Tallinn Aasta Õppeasutus Nimi Operatsioonisüsteemide teooria alused Rühma nr Sisukord 1Virtuaalmälu.................................................................................................................3 1.1.Eesmärk...............................................................................................................3 2.Virtuaalmälu realiseerimine........................................................................................5 2.1.Lehekülgede laadimine nõudmisel..........................................
13 Kasutatud materjal 1. Sullakatko, T. (1995) Satelliit-Navigatsioonisüsteem: GPS-Navstar. Tallinn: Raadio-ja sidetehnika instituut, lk 4. 2. Madar, V. Mis on GPS: Meridian GPS Vastuvõtja. Kättesaadav: http://www.varavald.ee/Projektid/nr.251/GPS.doc , 19.04.08 3. Wikipedia, Global Positioning System: Simplified Method of Operation. Kättesaadav: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System , 19.04.08 4. Wikipedia, Global Positioning System: System Segmentation. Kättesaadav: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System , 19.04.08 5. Plank, T. (2006) Geopositsioneerimine, mõõtmine GPS vastuvõtjaga. Tartu Ülikool. Kättesaadav: http://www.physic.ut.ee/~kikas/GLOBE_oppepaevad/Toomas/Globe_GPS.pdf , 19.04.08 6. Veenpere, E. (2003) Kuidas kontrolloda GPS-i näidu täpsust? Arvutimaailm, nr6. 7. Inseneribüroo Stratum (2002) Eesti inimkannatanutega liiklusõnnetuste asukoha
The Importance of a Target Market in Small Business When it comes to your customers keep in mind the importance of target marketing. The reason this is important is that only a proportion of the population is likely to purchase any products or service. By taking time pitch your sales and marketing efforts to the correct niche market you will be more productive and not waste your efforts or time. It's important to consider your virtual segmentation by selecting particular to present your offerings to. Those verticals will have the particular likelihood of purchasing your products and services. Again, this saves you from wasting valuable time and money. Small Business Marketing and Large Business Marketing are Different If you are like the majority of small business owners your marketing budget is limited. The most effective way to market a small business is to create a well rounded program
Inglise keele KT 27.02.13 PLACE Vocabulary: 1. shorthand- kiirkiri 2. outlet- müügiturg, kaubandusettevõte, firmakauplus 3. assumption- endastmõistetavaks pidamine, eeldus 4. on the assumption- eeldusel, et.. 5. in stock- laos, tagavaraks 6. brand- tootemark 7. to sort smth.out- välja sorteerima, välja selgitama 8. retailer- jaemüüja, jaemüügiettevõte 9. a sale was lost- müüki ei toimu, müügi kadu 10. to settle- otsustama 11. the consumer settled for a competitior's brand- tarbija otsustab konkurendi kaubamärgi kasuks 12. miscalculation- valearvestus, väärarvestus 13. to take into account- arvesse võtma, arvestama 14. to take into strategic account- strateegilise konto arvesse võtmine 15. channel of distribution= distribution channel- jaotuskanal, turustuskanal 16. sequence- jada, sari 17. negotiation- läbirääkimiste pidami...
1. A branded product ............................................firmatoode 2. A cash dispenser ...............................................sularahaautomaat 3. A commission charge .......................................komisjoni tasu 4. A deadline ........................................................(lõpp)tähtaeg 5. A defined goal ..................................................püstitatud eesmärk 6. A detailed benefit analysis segmentation .........läbi viia detailne kasumianalüüs 7. A genuine product ............................................ehtne toode 8. A goal ...............................................................eesmärk 9. A group leader ..................................................kaadriülem 10. A liability .........................................................kohustus 11. A matter-of-fact selling relationship ................asjalik müügi suhe 12. A payment order ..........
saavutada ning edukas olla, kuid konkureerivad ettevõtted on ka kõigeks valmis, isegi ideede varguseks, et saavutada turul võimalikult hea positsioon. Seega peaks positsioneerima võimalikult väheste kuid toote ja turustaja jaoks oluliste tunnustega, sest nii on võimalik edu ka hoida. Toote positsioneerimise võtted turunduses 15 KASUTATUD ALLIKMATERJALID 1. Determan M. (i.a). Marketing-Positioning. Strategies, segmentation, niches. [http://www.determan.net/michele/mposition.htm] (2009, 4.veebruar) 2. Miljan M. (1998). Turunduse juhtimine I. Tartu: Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus 3. Mägi J. (i.a) Turundus. [www.agri.ee/public/turundus.doc] (2009, 10. veebruar) 4. Ries A. & Trout J. (2003). Positsioneerimine: võitlus mõistuse pärast. Tallinn: Eesti Ekspressi Kirjastuse AS. 5. Sepp J. (1990). Marketingi alused. Tartu: Tartu Noorte Koda. 6. Tannik P. (2006). Turunduse alused. Tartu 7. Trout J
Toote elutsükli mudel lk 140 Tootel on oma elu, nagu kõigil elusorganismidel, mis algab sünniga, läbib teatud etappe ja lõpeb surmaga. Elutsükli kontseptsiooni saab kasutada turu, toote ning brändi arengu analüüsimiseks. Toote elutsükkel on aeg toote kavandamisest kuni toote lõppemiseni. Neli faasi. Osad autorid toovad välja enne juurutusfaasi veel arendusfaasi Tunnus Juurutus Kasv Küpsus Langus Turunduse- Turu loomine, Turu hõlvamine, eeliste Turuosa kaitsmine, Saagikoristus, rentaabluse eesmärk tarbija teavitamine, rõhutamine brändi lojaalsuse tõstmine, toote poolehoiu võitmine säilitamine kõrvaldamine Käive Väike, kasvav Kiiresti kasvav Stabiliseeruv, kahanev Kahanev Kasum...
Tooteelutsükli mudel (faasid) Tunnus Juurutus Kasv Küpsus Langus Turundus- Turu Turu Turuosa Saagikoristus eesmärk loomine, hõivamine, kaitsmine, , rentaabluse tarbija eeliste brändilojaals tõstmine, teavitamine, rõhutamine use toote poolehoiu säilitamine kõrvaldamine võitmine Käive Väike, Kiiresti Stabiliseeruv, Kahanev kasvav kasvav kahanev Kasum Negatiivne,v Kasvav, Kahanev Kahanev, äike suurim väike, 0, negatiivne Konkurents Puudub Suureneb Suur Kahanev Tarbijad Liidertarbijad Esmastarbija Hilinenud Mahajäänu...
SAMI Synchronized Accessible Media Interchange SAML Security Assertion Markup Language SAN Storage/System Area Network SANE Standard Apple Numeric Environment SAP Second Audio Program + Service Access Point [DEC] + Session Announcement Protocol + Service Advertising Protocol + * Symbolic Assembly Program + Systems, Applications and Products (company) [SAP] SAPI Speech Application Program Interface [Microsoft] SAR Segmentation and Reassembly + Shift Arithmetic Right + Specific Absorption Rate Successive Approximation Register + Synthetic Aperature Radar SARG Search Argument SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (virus) SAS Sales Accounting System + Serial Attached SCSI + Single Attached Station + Single Audio System + Statistical Analysis System SASI Shugart Associates System Interface (SCSI originated from SASI) SATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
Selle asmel säilitatakse aadressi registris. Nii saab erinevate instruktsiooni täitmistega koos kasutada erinevaid mälu sõnu. 4) Autoinkrementne adresseerimine - Autoincrement Addressing loetakse operant välja ja aadress säilitatakse modifitseeritult. LIFO- pinumälu, Pinuosuti (Stack Pointer), CP+1 liidetakse. 5) Autodekrementne - Autodecrement Addressing lahutamine. (sama, mis eelmisel). 6) Segmenteerimine - Segmentation vanem osa aadr.-st hoitakse lehekülje nr alles ja modifitseeritakse. Segmendi aadress + operandi aadress 7) Adresseerimine indekseerimisega – Indexed Addressing käsu juurde kuulub pikk baasaadress ja liidetaske juurde nihe, mis annab uue aadressi. 8) A baseeerimisega – Based Addressing Käsukoodi juurde kuulub nihe, mis võib olla lühem kui pikk aadress. 9) baseerimine ja indekseerimisega - liidetakse kõik (baas kui ka indeks) kokku.
instruktsiooniga püsivalt seotud. Selle asmel säilitatakse aadressi registris. Nii saab erinevate instruktsiooni täitmistega koos kasutada erinevaid mälu sõnu. 4.Antoinkreventne adresseerimine - Autoincrement Addressing loetakse operant välja ja aadress säilitatakse modifitseeritult. LIFO- pinumälu, Pinuosuti (Stack Pointer), CP+1 liidetakse. 5.Autodekrementne - Autodecrement Addressing lahutamine. (sama, mis eelmisel). 6.Segmenteerimine - Segmentation vanem osa aadr.-st hoitakse lehekülje nr alles ja modifitseeritakse. Segmendi aadress + operandi aadress 7.Adresseerimine indekseerimisega Indexed Addressing käsu juurde kuulub pikk baasaadress ja liidetaske juurde nihe, mis annab uue aadressi. 8.A baseeerimisega Based Addressing Käsukoodi juurde kuulub nihe, mis võib olla lühem kui pikk aadress. 9.A. baseerimine ja indekseerimisega - liidetakse kõik (baas kui ka indeks) kokku. 10
to the transport layer in the Internet protocol stack. The AAL sublayer has its own header fields, which occupy a small portion of the payload in the ATM cell. The ITU and the ATM Forum have standardized several AALs. Some of the most important AALs include: AAL 1: For Constant Bit Rate (CBR) services and circuit emulation. AAL 2: For Variable Bit Rate (VBR) services. AAL 5: For data (e.g., IP datagrams) AAL has two sublayers: the Segmentation And Reassembly (SAR) sublayer and the Convergence Sublayer (CS). The SAR sits just above the ATM layer; the CS sublayer sits between the user application and the SAR sublayer. 54. Võrkude turvalisus Kuna tegu on hea konkreetse küsimusega, millest näiteks Kurosel on terve peatükk, ja siinkirjutaja ei tea, millest Rein loengus rääkis, kleebin siia mõned mõtted Kurose raamatu 7. peatüki sissejuhatusest lk 549-552:
What unique skills do you have that make you superior to anyone else offering to do the same job that you are doing? What skills would it be useful for you to have? If you are not currently excellent in your field, what steps do you need to take, beginning immediately, to get yourself to the point where you stand out from everyone else? ➤ Identify Your Ideal Customers The third strategic area in business is that of segmentation. This re- quires that you divide your markets and customers into segments. You do this by identifying those customers who can most benefit from your area of specialization and your competitive advantage within that area. In segmentation, you identify your ideal customers. Who are they? Where are they? What do they have in common? What are their ages, incomes, education levels, backgrounds, positions, experiences, and so on
and mouthcoating. A small in-house consumer test on these Using this profile, assessors were able to same steaks did not produce clear differences provide data that classified meat particle size in acceptability, indicating that the market into large, intermediate, and small sizes. Size for these products was probably segmented. (rather than shape of chewed particles) after This question of market segmentation had a set number of chews showed a close rela- previously been investigated by Nute et al. tionship between processing and raw mate- (1988) in a study of eight formulations of rial variations. It was found that steaks made restructured steaks varying in salt, fat, temper, from large meat particles were rated as and blend time using a half replicate of a 24 having more gristle than either the intermedi- fractional design. ate or small particles
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