Islam
none like unto Him."
Qur'an
The first sura in a Qur'anic manuscript by Hattat Aziz EfendiMuslims consider the Qur'an to
be the literal word of God; it is the central religious text of Islam. Muslims believe that the
verses of the Qur'an were revealed to Muhammad by God through the angel Gabriel on
many occasions between 610 and his death on July 6, 632. The Qur'an was written down by
Muhammad's companions (sahabah) while he was alive, although the prime method of
transmission was orally. It was compiled in the time of Abu Bakr, the first caliph, and was
standardized in the time of Uthman, the third caliph. The Qur'an in its actual form is generally
considered by academic scholars to record the words spoken by Muhammad because the
search for variants in Western academia has not yielded any differences of great significance
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