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well refuted. This is a dilemma, or rather trilemma, because it further appears
that we are stuck with one of those three possibilities: either the names are
Millian, or they abbreviate descriptions outright, or in some looser way such
as Searle's they have some substantive "sense" or content. But none of these
views is acceptable.
A few theorists have claimed to find ways between the three horns. As
noted in chapter 3, Plantinga (1978) and Ackerman (1979) have appealed to
rigidified descriptions, such as "the actual winner of the 1968 election" as
opposed to just "the winner of the 1968 election"; the former description is
rigid, because "the actual winner" means the winner in this (our) world, and
refers to that same person at any other world regardless of whether he won
there. On this view, names are rigid though they are not Millian. (See also
Jackson 1998.) Michael Devitt (1989, 1996) has offered a radical revision of
Frege's notion of sense
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