TheCodeBreakers
thought," he demolished them in a 47-page article. He pointed out that
the cipher postulated by Newbold permitted many different "solutions."
The encipherer could never be certain that his message would get
through correctly; the decipherer would never know whether he was
reading the intended message. The chief cause of this flexibility lay in the
anagramming process—the one that finally produced the Latin plaintext.
Anagramming rearranges letters of one text into another; it is a kind of
unkeyed transposition. Often many anagrams are possible: live, veil, evil,
vile, and Levi are all anagrams of the "ciphertext" EILV, each
as valid as the next. As the number of letters involved rises, the
possible anagrams increase in geometric proportion. The 31 letters of the
angelic salutation, "Ave Maria, gratia plena, Dominus tecum," have
afforded thousands of different anagrams, all perfect in spelling, diction,
and syntax
annaabi.ee 
