from Catalonia, Valencia and Castilla), and the about remaining 10 to 15 per cent are foreign, dual and multi-national citizens of the EU and abroad (Govern de les Illes Balears - IBAE 1996). In decreasing order, foreigners are Germans, British, Latin Americans, Moroccans, French, Italians, Dutch, in addition to a myriad of other nationalities. This mosaic reflects the fluidity of foreigners living and moving across the island, in ways that render impossible to exactly quantify the expatriate population (Rozenberg 1990). Language While Catalan and Spanish are the official languages of Ibiza, a "dialectal variation [of Catalan]...called Eivissenc or Ibicenco is more readily spoken by both the residents and those of Formentera. Additionally, because of the influence of tourism (see below) and expatriates living in or maintaining residences on the island other, atypical languages, such as English,
de les Illes Balears IBAE 1996). In decr e a sin g order, foreign er s are Ger m a n s , British, Latin American s, Moroc c a n s , French, Italians, Dutch, in addition to a myriad of other nationalities. This mo s aic reflects the fluidity of foreign er s living and moving acro s s the island, in ways that rend er impo s sibl e to exa ctly quantify the expatriate population (Roz e n b e r g 1990). Language While Catalan and Spanish are the official langua g e s of Ibiza, a "diale ctal variation [of Catalan]...called Eiviss e n c or Ibicenc o is mor e readily spok e n by both the resid e nts and thos e of Form e nt era . Additionally, be c a u s e of the influenc e of tourism (se e below) and expatriate s living in or maintaining
genome. We propose a method for rational analysis of heterogeneity of multicopy genes by compiling a profile based on quantification of different sequence variants of the internal transcribed spacers of the freshwater sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis as an example. In addition to using conventional substitution analysis, we have developed a mathematical method, the proportion model method, to quantify the relative amounts of allelic variants of different length using data from direct sequencing of the heterogeneous amplicon. This method is based on determining the expected signal intensity values (corresponding to peak heights from the sequencing electropherogram) by sequencing clones from the same or highly similar amplicon and comparing hypothesized combinations against the values obtained by direct sequencing of the heterogeneous amplicon
Tallinn University Natural and exact sciences Molecular Biochemistry and Ecology Maria Gnidenko Capillary electrophoresis Essay Supervisor: Kert Martma Tallinn 2015 Table of contents Acronyms and symbols used Introduction History and development Physical basis and principle of separation Elektrophoresis Electroosmotic flow Separation process Electrodispersion Various methods of separation Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) ...
Radiation differs from conduction and convection in that manner, that it does not need any physical medium for its propagation. Radiation is the transfer of energy through space by means of electronic waves. It is similar how electromagnetic light waves transfer light, which also means that the same laws apply. The most common example to characterize radiation is the way heat is transferred to Earth from the Sun. (Geankoplis, 1993) To be able to quantify the amount of heat exchanged with different heat transfer mechanisms or with all of them combined, many coefficients have developed according to characterize different material's ability to exchange heat. Fletcher has given some representative data on overall heat transfer coefficients that may be seen in agitated vessels. The range of these data shown in Table 1, illustrates some of the differences in heat transfer rates that may be experienced when using different types of heat exchangers
g. C, C++), and increased programmer productivity. The portability of Java is sometimes overstated games in particular often require some `tweaking' to improve their performance on different OSes/machines, such as in the scheduling of threads, data structure and/or algorithm design, or the choice of GUI components. Also, if legacy code written in a different language is utilised then portability is frequently compromised. Productivity is an important advantage, although hard to quantify. An old study from 1998 suggested that software written in pure Java instead of C++ results in a 25% overall time/cost saving, corresponding to an overall productivity increase of 30% (the increase for the code phase alone is 65%) [Quinn and Christiansen 1998]. It is likely that these figures are greater today since the capabilities of the J2SE have improved (e.g. the libraries are larger, tool speed is better). 2.2. Ways of Using Java in Games
49 · Töökindluse tõstmine. o The failure of mechanical devices is similar in many ways to the life or death of biological organisms. Statistical models appropriate for any of these topics are generically called "time-to-event" models. Death or failure is called an "event", and the goal is to project or forecast the rate of events for a given population or probability of an event for an individual. o Computer software exists to quantify complex system reliability, for example, the SAPHIRE software. 50
singular term, "The author of Waverley," consists of our troublesome word "the" pasted onto the front of a predicative expression, and notice too that the meaning of that expression figures crucially in our ability to recognize or pick out the expression's referent; to find the referent we have to look for someone who did write Waverley. Russell suggests that "the" abbreviates a more complex construction involving what logicians and linguists call quanti- fiers, words that quantify general terms ("all teenagers," "some bananas," "six geese a-laying," "most police officers," "no light bulbs," and the like). Indeed, he thinks that (5) as a whole abbreviates a conjunction of three quantified general statements, none of which makes reference to Scott in particular: (5a) At least one person authored Waverley. (5b) At most one person authored Waverley. (5c) Whoever authored Waverley was Scotch. Each of (5a)(5c) is intuitively necessary for the truth of (5)
a rough form of cryptography. Two gossips, for example, may refer to a third party by her initials. They hope that no one within hearing will have sufficient knowledge of the contextual situation to restore the eliminated portion of the name. Much of the Masonic ritual is printed in that form: "Do u declr, upn ur honr, tt u r promptd to. . . ." Another corollary is that more text is needed to solve a low- redundancy cryptogram than one with a high-redundancy plaintext. Shannon has managed to quantify the amount of material needed to achieve a unique and unambiguous solution when the plaintext has a known degree of redundancy. He calls the number of letters the "unicity distance" (or "unicity point"), and he calculates it by means of a rather complicated formula. This formula naturally differs for different ciphers, but it always includes the redundancy as one of its terms. In his original paper, in which he considered the redundancy of English at only 50 per
gel electrophoresis is generally less sensitive, is proportional to the amount of new PCR a modification, the nested PCR, which dra- products generated (Heid et al. 1996). matically increases the sensitivity and speci- Therefore, the RTi-PCR results consist of ficity of DNA amplification, can be used. It amplification curves that can be used to consists of two rounds of PCRs, where the quantify the initial amounts of template DNA primers of the second PCR bind to an internal molecules with high accuracy over a wide region of the first amplified DNA product. range of concentrations (Schmittgen et al. Thus, the larger fragment produced by the 2000). Other advantages are the closed-tube first round of PCR is used as the template for format, which reduces the risks of carryover the second round
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