TheCodeBreakers
and immoral, depending on circumstances. Killing is permissible in self-
defense. So is cryptanalysis. In war, of course, cryptanalysis can look like
a positive good, especially when it saves lives. Even in peace,
cryptanalysis may be a form of self-defense. It can warn of hostile intent
and enable the government to preserve life and liberty, without which
there is no doing to others of any kind. But when a nation is not
threatened, it is wrong for it to violate another's dignity by clandestine
pryings into its messages, just as it is wrong to indiscriminately tap
telephone lines or invade the privacy of a man's castle. That is why it is
indefensible for the United States to read the messages of friendly
nations like Norway, Britain, or Peru.
Even when justified, cryptanalysis remains an evil, and it goes against
the American grain. Ever since July 4, 1776, the United States has stood
for morality and integrity, in international affairs as in domestic, in the