Psühholoogia bioloogiline-, kognitiivne- ja sotsiaalne vaade
The concepts of schemas and chunking
can explain that. When the pieces were arranged logically then the experts could
apply well-developed schemas to recognize patterns or group pieces together (e.g. all
pieces attacking the king). The intermediate and novice did not have so well
developed schemas. If the pieces were in random order they were no more meaningful
for the expert so he/she had to approach the task on a piece-by-piece basis just as
other players did.
Anderson and Pichert investigated if schema processing influences both encoding and
retrieval. The participants in their experiment were given one schema at the encoding
stage and another one in the retrieval stage, to see if they were influenced by the
lateral schema when they had to recall the story. The story was based on 72 points,
rated by a group of people. Half of the participants were asked to read it from the
point of view of a house-buyer and half of a point of view of a burglar. After reading,
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