Keelefilosoofia raamat
me the book instead.
Or suppose I say to you, "I bet you $5 that the glorious winner [of a
big auto race] is over forty years of age." I am using "the glorious winner"
referentially, thinking of Dale Earnhart, completely confident that he has
the race won, and I have him very much in mind, clear mental image and all.
But, although he crossed the finish line first, Earnhart does not in fact win;
by a little-known technicality he comes in second to Fat Freddy Phreak, who
has got loose again and entered the race at the last minute. Fat Freddy is only
twenty-two. I owe you $5.
MacKay makes the general point that a speaker's intentions may be arbi-
trarily crazy. Suppose I have formed the insane belief that Keith Donnellan is
the illegitimate son of Santa Claus and Margaret Thatcher. Using the descrip-
tion referentially, I say "Mrs Thatcher's Christmas bastard wrote a classic
article on descriptions." If you know enough about my weird beliefs, you will
annaabi.ee 
