Scotland
emerge until many centuries later.
Throughout this time the geographical area of Scotland was occupied by several different tribes utilising Iron
Age technology with a wide variety of relationships both to one another and to Ancient Rome. Although the
Roman presence was an important time in Scottish history, not least because it was when written records first
emerged, Roman influence on Scottish culture was not enduring.
The Roman invasion under Quintus Petillius Cerialis began in AD 71 and culminated in the battle of Mons
Graupius at an unknown location in northern Scotland in 84. Although the Caledonian confederacy suffered a
defeat it was not long before the legions abandoned their territorial gains and returned to a line south of the
Solway Firth, later consolidated by the construction of Hadrian's Wall.
Roman commanders subsequently made various attempts to conquer territory to the north of this line, including
annaabi.ee 
