. . ," and so on. "I hereby double" would be stilted, but its meaning would be perfectly in order. Certainly the criterion marks off performatives from constatives. If I utter a paradigmatic constative, such as "The cat is on the mat," I could not have inserted "hereby." "The cat is hereby on the mat" is nonsensical or at least false, because the cat is (or is not) on the mat regardless of my saying that it is. My saying it does nothing to make it so. Austin noticed a pesky class of clear nonconstatives, apparent performa- tives, that are too simple to pass the "hereby" test. Actually (7) might be taken as an example, since "Hereby nay" is ungrammatical. But it is plausible to say that "Nay" is just a laconic form of "I vote nay," which does meet the "hereby" condition. Speech acts and illocutionary force 147 However, what about "Hooray!," "Shame!," and "Damn!"? None of these
"What's your definition of dating?" A frown marred the space between his brows. "Lengthy social time spent with a woman during which we're not actively fucking." "Don't you enjoy the company of women?" The frown turned into a scowl. "Sure, as long as there aren't any exaggerated expectations or excessive demands on my time. I've found the best way to steer clear of those is to have mutually exclusive sexual relationships and friendships." There were those pesky "exaggerated expectations" again. Clearly, those were a sticking point with him. "So, you do have female friends?" "Of course." His legs tightened around mine, capturing me. "Where are you going with this?" "You segregate sex from the rest of your life. You separate it from friendship, work... everything." "I've got good reasons for doing that." "I'm sure you do. Okay, here are my thoughts." It was difficult concentrating when I was so close to Gideon
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