Keelefilosoofia raamat
(There
are two further reasons as well. One is that speech-act theory is the most
effective cure for philosophers' otherwise overmastering tendency, vividly
exemplified in this very book so far, to think that declarative sentences are
the only ones that matter. The other is that many mistakes have been made
and fallacies committed in areas of philosophy other than philosophy of lan-
guage, through ignorance of speech-act theory; but space does not permit.)
Illocution, locution, and perlocution
Naturally, Austin began seeking a workable, fairly precise test for perfor-
mativity. He tried to characterize the notion syntactically, and ran into
various kinds of trouble that need not detain us. But in his 1961 article he
settled fairly comfortably on the so-called "hereby" criterion: An utterance
is counted as performative if one could fairly interpolate the word "hereby"
before the main verb. Thus, (1) is performative because the speaker could as
annaabi.ee 
